Chapter 24 - The World at War, 1937-1945

Question 1

fascism

Answer 1

an authoritarian system of government characterized by dictatorial rule, extreme nationalism, disdain for civil society, and glorification of imperialism and warfare

Question 2

National Socialist (Nazi) Party

Answer 2

German political party led by Adolf Hitler that rose after WWI

Question 3

Rome-Berlin Axis

Answer 3

political and military alliance formed between the fascist nations of Italy and Germany

Question 4

Neutrality Act of 1935

Answer 4

imposed embargo on selling arms to warring countries and declared that Americans traveling on the ships of belligerent nations did so at their own risk

Question 5

Popular Front

Answer 5

a small but vocal group of Americans who pushed for greater U.S. involvement and the fight against fascism

Question 6

Munich Conference

Answer 6

a conference in 1938 in which Britain and France agreed to allow Germany to annex the Sudetenland as long as Hitler promised not to seek more territory

Question 7

Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies

Answer 7

a group of interventionists who believed in engaging with international developments

Question 8

America First Committee

Answer 8

isolationist group who warned against U.S. involvement in WWII

Question 9

Four Freedoms

Answer 9

identified by FDR as the most basic human rights: freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, freedom from fear

Question 10

Lend-Lease Act

Answer 10

legislation that authorized the president to “lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of” arms and equipment to Britain or any other country whose defense was considered vital to the security of the United States

Question 11

Atlantic Charter

Answer 11

a press release by FDR and Winston Churchill in August 1941 calling for economic cooperation, national self-determination, and guarantees of political stability after the war

Question 12

Pearl Harbor

Answer 12

a naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii that was attacked by Japanese bombers in 1941, resulting in the deaths of 2,400 Americans and causing FDR to declare war against Japan

Question 13

War Powers Act

Answer 13

gave FDR unprecedented control over all aspects of the war effort

Question 14

Revenue Act of 1942

Answer 14

expanded number of people paying income taxes from 3.9 million to 42.6 million

Question 15

code talkers

Answer 15

Native American soldiers trained to use native languages to send messages in battle during WWII

Question 16

Executive Order 8802

Answer 16

order signed by FDR in 1941 that prohibited “discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin”

Question 17

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (1944)

Answer 17

legislation authorizing the government to provide WWII veterans with funds for education, housing, healthcare, and loans to start businesses and buy homes

Question 18

zoot suits

Answer 18

oversized suits of clothing in fashion in the late 1940s, particularly among young male African Americans and Mexican Americans

Question 19

Executive Order 9066

Answer 19

authorized the War Department to force Japanese Americans from their homes and hold them in relocation camps for the rest of the war

Question 20

D-Day

Answer 20

June 6, 1944 Allied invasion of northern France to free the country from German rule

Question 21

Holocaust

Answer 21

Germany’s campaign during WWII to exterminate all Jews living in German-controlled lands, along with other groups the Nazis deemed “undesirable”

Question 22

Manhattan Project

Answer 22

top-secret project authorized by FDR in 1942 to develop an atomic bomb ahead of the Germans

Question 23

Benito Mussolini

Answer 23

fascist Italian leader during WWII

Question 24

Adolf Hitler

Answer 24

fascist dictator of Germany and leader of the Nazi Party during WWII

Question 25

Hideki Tojo

Answer 25

prime minister of Japan during WWII

Question 26

Charles A. Lindbergh

Answer 26

aviator hero who delivered impassioned speeches against intervention in Europe

Question 27

Winston Churchill

Answer 27

prime minister of the United Kingdom during WWII

Question 28

Harry S. Truman

Answer 28

Democratic 33rd president and successor to FDR

Question 29

Gordon Hirabayahsi

Answer 29

American sociologist who resisted the Japanese American internment during World War II

Question 30

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Answer 30

U.S. general during WWII and eventual 34th president