Chapter 23 - Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929-1939 Flashcards
Herbert Hoover
Republican 31st president who was largely unsuccessful in his handling of the Depression
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Democratic 32nd president; famous for his New Deal and leadership during WWII
Father Charles Coughlin
popular radio priest of the 1930s who supported Roosevelt and the Democrats
Huey Long
Louisiana governor and political threat to Roosevelt
Frances Perkins
first woman to hold a U.S. Cabinet position (Secretary of Labor)
Eleanor Roosevelt
politician, diplomat, activist, longest-serving First Lady
Mary McLeod Bethune
educator and advocate for African American rights
John Collier
social reformer and Native American advocate
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
tax on imported goods that was intended to stimulate American manufacturing but triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries (detering global trade)
Bonus Army
group of 15,000 unemployed WWI veterans who set up camps near the Captiol building to demand immediate payment of pension awards
fireside chats
FDR’s evening radio addresses
Hundred Days
legendary session early in FDR’s administration in which Congress enacted fifteen major bills to combat the depression
Glass-Steagall Act
created Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which insured deposits up to $2,500 and prohibited banks from making risky investments with the deposits of ordinary people
Agricultural Adjustment Act
began direct government regulation of the farm economy for the first time
National Recovery Administration
set up separate self-governing private associations in 600 industries
Public Works Administration
New Deal construction program established to put people back to work
Civilian Conservation Corps
mobiilized 250,000 young men to do reforestation and conservation work
Federal Housing Administration
agency established by the Federal Housing Act of 1934 that refinanced home mortgages for mortgage holders facing possible foreclosure
Securities and Exchange Commission
established to regulate the stock market
Liberty League
group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the “reckless spending” and “socialist” reforms of the New Deal
National Association of Manufacturers
association of indstrialists and business leaders who opposed government regulation
Townsend Plan
plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month to citizens over age sixty
welfare state
industrial democracies that adopt government-guaranteed social welfare programs
Wagner Act (1935)
upheld right of industrial workers to join unions
Social Security Act of 1935
old-age pensions for workers, a joint federal-state system of compensation for unemployed workers, program of payments to widowed mothers / blind / deaf/ disabled
classical liberalism
political ideology of individual liberty, private property, competitive market economy, free trade, limited government
Works Progress Administration
provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression
Roosevelt recession
recession from 1937 to 1938 that occurred after FDR cut the federal budget
Keynesian economics
theory developed by John Maynard Keynes stating that purposeful government intervention in the economy can affect the level of overall economic activity and prevent severe depressions and inflation
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
reversed Dawes Act, gave Indians a greater degree of religious freedom, and recognized tribal governments
dust bowl
a series of dust storms between 1930 and 1941 during which a severe drought afflicted Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arkansas, and Kansas
Tennessee Valley Authority
integrated flood control, reforestation, electricity generation, agricultural and industrial development
Rural Electrification Administration
organization that offered loans to farmers to install power lines
