Chapter 20 - Whose Government? Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917

Question 1

Mary E. Lease

Answer 1

Populist political advocate and leader of the temperance and women’s suffrage movements

Question 2

William Jennings Bryan

Answer 2

dominant Populist force who was the Democratic presidential candidate three times

Question 3

Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 3

vice president during McKinley’s second term who was sworn in as the 26th president after his assassination

Question 4

Robert La Follette

Answer 4

Republican governor of Wisconsin (1901-1905) who promoted the Wisconsin Idea

Question 5

Louis Brandeis

Answer 5

lawyer and associate justice on the Supreme Court

Question 6

W.E.B. Du Bois

Answer 6

African American sociologist and civil rights activist

Question 7

Eugene V. Debs

Answer 7

socialist union leader and founding member of the IWW

Question 8

Progressive Era

Answer 8

era between the end of Reconstruction and the beginning of World War I; four goals - to clean up politics, limit the power of big business, reduce poverty, promote social justice

Question 9

“waving the bloody shirt”

Answer 9

referred to politicians who brought up old animosities from the Civil War era that should have been set aside

Question 10

Gilded Age

Answer 10

name for the Progressive Era that refers to the corruption and stagnancy of politics at the time

Question 11

Pendleton Act (1883)

Answer 11

established nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination

Question 12

Mugwumps

Answer 12

branch of reform-minded Republicans who left the party in 1884 to support Democratic presidential candidate Grover Cleveland

Question 13

Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)

Answer 13

forbade anticompetitive business activities, requiring federal investigation of trusts and companies operating in violation of the act

Question 14

Lodge Bill (1890)

Answer 14

proposed that whenever 100 citizens in a district appealed for intervention, a bipartisan federal board could investigate and set the rightful winner (not passed)

Question 15

Omaha Platform (1892)

Answer 15

statement by Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans

Question 16

free silver

Answer 16

policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver and gold

Question 17

Williams v. Mississippi

Answer 17

1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests

Question 18

“Solid South”

Answer 18

post-Reconstruction goal of almost complete electoral control of the South by the Democratic Party

Question 19

Populism

Answer 19

a political movement that sought to represent the interests of ordinary people

Question 20

Lochner v. New York

Answer 20

1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers’ workday to ten hours because that violated bakers’ rights to make contracts

Question 21

William McKinley

Answer 21

25th president whose victory was widely understood as a triumph for business

Question 22

Newlands Reclamation Act (1902)

Answer 22

allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands

Question 23

William Howard Taft

Answer 23

27th president

Question 24

Wisconsin Idea

Answer 24

policy promoted by Robert La Follette for greater government intervention in the economy with reliance on experts for policy recommendations

Question 25

recall

Answer 25

voting to remove unpopular politicians from office

Question 26

referendum

Answer 26

voting directly on a proposed law (rather than leaving it in the hands of legislators)

Question 27

National Child Labor Committee

Answer 27

recorded brutal working conditions in mines and mills and attempted to change them

Question 28

Muller v. Oregon

Answer 28

1908 Supreme Court decision that upheld an Oregon law limiting women’s workday to ten hours

Question 29

talented tenth

Answer 29

term used by W.E.B. Du Bois for the top 10% of educated African Americans, whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights

Question 30

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Answer 30

organization founded in 1910 as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans (especially through the courts)

Question 31

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Answer 31

umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905 that was dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism

Question 32

New Nationalism

Answer 32

Theodore Roosevelt’s proposal that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare

Question 33

Woodrow Wilson

Answer 33

Democratic 28th president

Question 34

Federal Reserve Act (1913)

Answer 34

gave the nation a banking system that was more resistant to economic crises

Question 35

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)

Answer 35

law that strengthened federal definitions of “monopoly” and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases

Question 36

Ida Tarbell

Answer 36

muckraker who exposed the ills of Standard Oil