Chapter 28 - Uncivil Wars: Liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961-1972

Question 1

Great Society

Answer 1

Lyndon B. Johnson’s domestic program, which included civil rights legislation, antipoverty programs, government subsidy of medical care, federal aid to education, consumer protection, and aid to the arts and humanities

Question 2

Economic Opportunity Act of 1964

Answer 2

created a series of programs; including Head Start, the Job Corps, and Upward Bound; aimed to alleviate poverty and spur economic growth in impoverished areas

Question 3

Medicare

Answer 3

a health plan for the elderly funded by a surcharge on Social Security payroll taxes

Question 4

Medicaid

Answer 4

a health plan for the poor paid for by general tax revenues and administered by states

Question 5

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Answer 5

established equal pay for equal work

Question 6

The Feminine Mystique

Answer 6

an influential book written in 1963 by Betty Friedan critiquing the ideal whereby women were encouraged to confine themselves to roles within the domestic sphere

Question 7

Presidential Commission on the Status of Women

Answer 7

commission appointed by President Kennedy in 1961, which issued a 1963 report documenting job and educational discrimination

Question 8

National Organization for Women (NOW)

Answer 8

women’s civil rights organization formed in 1966 that grew from eliminating gender discrimination to supporting more radical feminist issues by the 1970s

Question 9

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Answer 9

1964 resolution that gave the president virtually unlimited authority in conducting the Vietnam War (terminated in 1971 following outrage over U.S. invasion of Cambodia)

Question 10

Operation Rolling Thunder

Answer 10

massive bombing campaign against North Vietnam authorized by President Johnson in 1965; ended up hardening the will of the North Vietnamese to continue fighting

Question 11

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

Answer 11

organization for social change founded by college students in 1960

Question 12

Port Huron Statement

Answer 12

1962 manifesto by Students for a Democratic Society expressing the students’ disillusionment with the nation’s consumer culture and the gulf between the rich and the poor, as well as a rejection of Cold War foreign policy

Question 13

New Left

Answer 13

term applied to radical students of the 1960s and 1970s who wanted to distinguish themselves from the “Old Left” (communists and socialists of the 1930s and 1940s)

Question 14

Young Americans for Freedom (YAF)

Answer 14

largest student political organization in the country whose conservative members defended free enterprise and supported the war in Vietnam

Question 15

Sharon Statement

Answer 15

outline of YAF’s principles drafted by its founding members

Question 16

counter-culture

Answer 16

culture embracing values of lifestyles opposing those of the mainstream culture (hippies)

Question 17

Tet offensive

Answer 17

major campaign of attacks launched throughout South Vietnam in January 1968 by the North Vietnamese and Vietcong - major turning point in war

Question 18

1968 Democratic National Convention

Answer 18

political divisions caused by Vietnam War consumed the party as thousands of protesters came to Chicago for the convention

Question 19

Chicago Moratorium Committee

Answer 19

organized demonstrations against the Vietnam War

Question 20

women’s liberation

Answer 20

new branch of feminism from the 1960s that attracted young, college-educated women from the New Left

Question 21

Title IX

Answer 21

1972 law that broadened the 1964 Civil Rights At to include educational institutions - made women’s athletics important on college campuses

Question 22

Stonewall Inn

Answer 22

two-day riot by Stonewall Inn patrons after the police raided the gay bar in Greenwich Village in 1969; led to rapid rise of gay liberation movement

Question 23

silent majority

Answer 23

term used by Nixon in 1969 to describe those who supported his positions but did not publicly assert their voices (in contrast to antiwar, civil rights, and women’s movements)

Question 24

Vietnamization

Answer 24

new U.S. policy of delegating the ground fighting to the South Vietnamese in the Vietnam War

Question 25

My Lai

Answer 25

1968 execution by U.S. Army troops of nearly 500 people in the South Vietnamese village of My Lai

Question 26

detente

Answer 26

easing of conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Nixon administration

Question 27

Warren Court

Answer 27

Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren which expanded the Constitution’s promise of equality and civil rights

Question 28

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 28

36th president who enacted the Great Society

Question 29

Barry Goldwater

Answer 29

antigovernment Republican nominee against Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1964 election

Question 30

Betty Friedan

Answer 30

modern feminist and author of The Feminine Mystique

Question 31

Ngo Dinh Diem

Answer 31

dictator of South Vietnam

Question 32

Robert Kennedy

Answer 32

senator and JFK’s brother

Question 33

Richard M. Nixon

Answer 33

37th president and the only to resign

Question 34

George C. Wallace

Answer 34

third-party candidate in 1968 election

Question 35

Henry Kissinger

Answer 35

diplomat during the Vietnam War