Chapter 15 - Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Question 1

Andrew Johnson

Answer 1

17th president; promoted racist and controversial policies during Reconstruction

Question 2

Charles Sumner

Answer 2

Massachusetts senator and Radical Republican leader

Question 3

Thaddeus Stevens

Answer 3

Pennsylvania representative who was a passionate advocate of freedmen’s political and economic rights

Question 4

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 4

women’s rights leader who advocated for equal rights and suffrage

Question 5

Robert Smalls

Answer 5

freedman who later became a state legislator and a congressman

Question 6

Blanche K. Bruce

Answer 6

escaped slave who established a school for freedmen in Missouri

Question 7

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Answer 7

ex-Confederate general who became a leader of the Ku Klux Klan

Question 8

Ten Percent Plan

Answer 8

plan proposed by Lincoln during the Civil War (but never implemented) that would grant amnesty to ex-Confederates and allowed each rebel state to return to the Union as soon as 10% of voters took a loyalty oath and the state approved of the Thirteenth Amendment

Question 9

Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 9

proposed bill that would require oath of allegiance by a majority of each state’s adult white men, new governments to be formed only by those who had never fought against the Union, and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders

Question 10

John Wilkes Booth

Answer 10

assassin of Abraham Lincoln

Question 11

Black Codes

Answer 11

new laws created by southern state legislatures to force former slaves back into plantation labor

Question 12

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 12

organization that aided displaced blacks and other war refugees

Question 13

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Answer 13

declared formerly enslaved people to be citizens and granted them equal protection and rights of contract

Question 14

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 14

declared “all persons born or naturalized in the United States” to be citizens

Question 15

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Answer 15

divided the South into five military districts, each under the command of a U.S. general

Question 16

Fifteenth Amendment

Answer 16

protected the right to vote for all male citizens

Question 17

American Woman Suffrage Association

Answer 17

remained loyal to the Republican Party in hopes that once Reconstruction was settled it would be women’s turn

Question 18

National Woman Suffrage Association

Answer 18

focused exclusively on women’s rights and took up the battle for a federal suffrage amendment

Question 19

Minor v. Happersett

Answer 19

ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship; state legislatures could deny women the vote if they wished

Question 20

sharecropping

Answer 20

agricultural system in which freedmen worked as renters, exchanging their labor for the use of land, house, implements, and sometimes seed and fertilizer

Question 21

Union League

Answer 21

secret fraternal order of Republicans that pressured Congress to uphold justice for freedmen

Question 22

scalawags

Answer 22

ex-Confederate nickname for southern whites who supported Reconstruction

Question 23

carpet-baggers

Answer 23

ex-Confederate nickname for northern whites

Question 24

convict leasing

Answer 24

a system where state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor in mines and other industries

Question 25

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Answer 25

required full and equal access to jury service, transportation, and public accommodations regardless of race

Question 26

Freedmen’s Savings and Trust Company

Answer 26

private bank that worked closely with the Freedmen’s Bureau and Union army across the South

Question 27

classical liberalism

Answer 27

free trade, small government, low property taxes, limitation of voting rights to only men of education and property

Question 28

laissez faire

Answer 28

policy in which government “lets alone” business and economy

Question 29

Credit Mobilier

Answer 29

a sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit

Question 30

Redemption

Answer 30

term used by southern Democrats for the overthrow of elected governments that ended Reconstruction in the South

Question 31

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 31

anti-black, white supremacist group formed during Reconstruction

Question 32

Enforcement Laws

Answer 32

authorized federal prosecutions, military intervention, and martial law to suppress terrorist activity

Question 33

Slaughter-House Cases

Answer 33

series of decisions in which the Supreme Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 34

U.S. v. Cruikshank

Answer 34

justices argued that the Fourteenth Amendment offered only a few federal protections to citizens

Question 35

Civil Rights Cases

Answer 35

Supreme Court struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875

Question 36

Rutherford B. Hayes

Answer 36

19th president who oversaw the end of Reconstruction

Question 37

Compromise of 1877

Answer 37

informal deal that settled 1876 election and pulled federal troops out of southern state politics