Chapter 3 - The British Atlantic World, 1660-1750 Flashcards
King Charles II
created the new colonies of Carolina, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania
Quakers
Christian sect that had been persecuted in England for disagreeing with the Church of England (sought to restore it to simplicity); settled in Pennsylvania
Navigation Acts
a series of acts restricting the use of foreign vessels for trade between Britain and the colonies
King James II
seeking more control over the colonies, he created the Dominion of New England
Dominion of New England
royal province created by King James II and governed by Edmund Andros
Glorious Revolution
an uprising led by William of Orange that resulted in the overthrowing of King James II
Edmund Andros
strict governor of the Dominion of New England
constitutional monarchy
a form of government in which the king/queen acts as head of the state
Second Hundred Years’ War
English era beginning with the War of the League of Augsburg and ending with the defeat of Napoleon
tribalization
the process of remaining native groups banding together in order to become stronger against European forces
Covenant Chain
the Iroquois alliance with New York
South Atlantic System
a new agricultural and commercial order that produced and transported sugar, rice, tobacco, and other products
Olaudah Equiano
African slave whose story gives a glimpse of life on the Middle Passage
Middle Passage
route from Africa to the New World that transported millions of slaves
Stono Rebellion
African slave revolt; many slaves killed whites but were soon met with the South Carolina militia, suppressing the rebellion and leading to tighter control on plantations
William Byrd II
wealthy Virginian colonist who wanted to live as well as the English
head tax
a uniform tax imposed on each person
gentility
a refined but elaborate lifestyle
Lancaster
site of a diplomatic conference between colonists and the Iroquois in 1744
William Penn
founder of Pennsylvania
John Locke
English philosopher who advocated for inalienable rights
salutary neglect
rise of American self-government as royal bureaucrats, pleased by growing trade, relaxed supervision of internal colonial affairs
House of Commons
a British house of parliament
patronage
the practice of giving offices and salaries to political allies
Sir Robert Walpole
considered the first Prime Minister of England
War of Jenkins’s Ear
disastrous war for between Britain and Spain, declared by Walpole
land banks
lend paper money to farmers who pledge their land as collateral for the loans
War of the Austrian Succession
general European conflict between 1740 and 1748
proprietorship
a type of business entity owned by one person
William of Orange
leader of coup to overthrow King James II
Jacob Leisler
leader of rebellion against Dominion of New England; become governor of New York before being hanged for treason
“great land grab”
the accumulation of Carolina, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania as colonies by King Charles II
Frame of Government
document provided to Pennsylvania by William Penn which guaranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners
Whig Party
English political party
Maroon communities
small communities of freed slaves
Molasses Act of 1733
high tariff on French molasses that made it no longer profitable for Americans to import it
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
ended War of the Austrian succession and proved England’s little regard for the colonies’ interests
Board of Trade
chief body in England for governing the colonies
