chapter 8 Flashcards
physical needs
oxygen, water, food, elimination, protection, shelter, activity, sleep/rest, comfort/especially freedom from pain
psychosocial needs
involve social interaction, emotions (love and affection), intellect, acceptance by others, safety and security, self reliance and independence in daily living, and spirituality
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
physical needs - safety and security needs - need for love - need for self esteem - need for self actualization
holistic care
caring for the whole person - the mind as well as the body , takes into account a person’s physical, psychosocial, social, and spiritual needs
sexual orientation
person’s physical, emotional, and/or romantic attraction to another person
gender identity
a deeply felt sense of one’s gender
bisexual, bi
person whose physical, emotional/romantic attraction may be for ppl of same gender or diff gender
cisgender
gender identity matches birth sex (sex assigned at birth due to anatomy)
coming out
a continual process of revealing one’s sexual orientation or gender identity to others
cross-dresser
typically refers to a heterosexual man who sometimes wears clothing and other items associated with women; it is not associated with men who permanently wishes to change their sex
gay
person whose physical, emotional/romantic attraction is for ppl of the same sex
heterosexual
person whose physical, emotional,/romantic attraction is for ppl of the opposite sex; aka straight
lesbian
woman whose physical, emotional, romantic attraction is for other women
LGBT
acronym for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender
LGBTQ
lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer
queer
term used by some ppl who feel terms such as lesbian and gay are too limiting, to describe sexual orientation that is not exclusively heterosexual, once considered derogatory, so not used by everyone within LGBT community
transgender
gender identity conflicts with birth sex, trans identity is not dependent on someone having undergone medical measures like hormones or surgery
transition
process of changing genders, which can include legal procedures, such as changing name/sex on documents, and med measures such as hormone therapy/surgery, can also include telling others and using new pronouns
spiritual
relating to spirit or soul
Buddhism
emphasizes meditation and believing that nirvana is the highest spiritual place a person can reach
christianity
believe jesus christ was son of god and that he died so their sins would be forgiven, bible is scared test and divided into old and new testaments, being baptized and receiving communion may be part of this religion
hinduism
dominant faith of india, believes in karma — believes there are 4 purposes of life, acting morally/ethically (dharma), pursuing prosperity (artha), enjoying life (kama), and accomplishing enlightenment (moksha), almost always do not eat beef
islam
muslims or followers of mohammed believe that allah wants ppl to follow teachers of the prophet mohammed, pray 5x a day at mecca (holy city), and worshipping at mosques, fast during month (ramadan), do not drink or eat pork, qur’an is holy text
judaism
believe that god gave them laws through moses in form of the torah and that these laws should oder their lives, some jewish men wear a yarmulke (small skullcap)
agnostics
believe that they do not know or cannot know if god exists, dont deny that god might exist, but feel ther eis no true knowledge of god’s existence
atheists
ppl who believ that there is no god, actively deny the existence of any diety (higher power)
vegetarians
do not eat any meat for religious, moral, or health reasons
vegans
do not eat any animals or animal derived product
infancy
birth to 12 months, moves from total dependence to relative independence of moving around, comm bsic needs, and feeding himself, phys developments move from head down, gain control of neck muscles, then shoulders, then arms/legs,
disorders of infancy
premature babies (born 37 weeks or earlier), low birth weight babies (full term but weigh less than 6 lbs), birth defects, viral or bacterial infections, or SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
toddler
1-3 years, start to gain independence, learn to speak, gain coordination of limbs, control bladder/bowels, and assert their independence by exploring or throwing tantrums, whining, refusing to cooperate
preschool
ages 3-6, develops skills to become more independent and have social relationships, develop vocab/lang skills, learn to play in groups, phys coordinated, begin to learn right/wrong,
school age
ages 6-10; development is centered on cognitive (thinking and learning) and social development; learn to relate to others and get along with others, begin to behave in ways common with gender, develops conscience, morals, self esteem
common disorders of childhood
chickenpox, bacterial/viral infections, leukemia (form of cancer that refers to the inability of the body ‘s WBC to fight disease, abuse (phys, psych, sexual, substance), child neglect
preadolescence
ages 10-13, growing sense of self identity and strong sense of identity with peers, very social, puberty starts
adolescence
ages 13-19, puberty reaches, peer acceptance becomes important, concern for body image, and peer acceptance combined with changing hormones that influence mood, can cause rapid mood swings, conflict pressures develop bw/ dependence on parents and need to express themselves socially and sexually
common disorders of adolescence
eating disorders, anorexia, bulimia, STIs, can become depressed and attempt SI, can sustain trauma (severe injury) from MVCs or playing sports
young adulthood
ages 19-40; phys growth has completed, psychosocial develop continues, including selecting appropriate education, occupation/career/mate/learning to live with others, raising children, sex life
middle adulthood
ages 40-65, more comfortable and stable, major life decisions has been made but may reach midlife crisis, start to notice diff maintaining weight or decrease in strength/energy, wrinkles, gray hair, visual/hearing loss, and women may experience menopause, many diseases/illnesses develop
late adulthood
age 65 and older, adjust to effects of aging and loss - loss of strength and health, death of loved ones, retirement, preparation for their own death, solutions include new relationships, friendships, interests
common disorders of late adulthood
arthritis, Alzheimer’s, cancer, diabetes, and stroke
geriatrics
study of health, wellness, and disease later in life, includes health care of older ppl and the well being of their caregivers
gerontology
study of aging process in people from midlife through old age
ageism
prejudice toward, or stereotyping of, and/or discrimination against older persons or elderly
changes not considered normal changes of aging
signs of depression, SI thoughts, loss of ability to think logically, poor nutrition, SOB, incontinence
developmental disabilities
disabilities that are present at birth or emerge during childhood, chronic condition that restricts physical/mental ability, prevent a child from developing at nl rate, lang, mobility, learning and ability to self care may be affected; includes intellectual disabilities, down syndrome, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, and ASD
intellectual disability
aka mental retardation, most common DD, is neither a disease nor a mental illness, four diff degrees, mild, moderate, severe profound, perform and develop at below average rate, will use terms like intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled, special, or challenged
down syndrome
aka trisomy 21, caused by abnormal cell division,, resulting in extra 21 chromosome, can become fairly independent, experience different degrees of intellectual disability and physical symptoms
cerebral palsy
suffered brain damage either while in uterus or during birth, have both phys&mental disabilities, stops development of child or causes disorganized or abnormal development, muscle coordination and nerves are affected
spina bifida
split spine, when part of the backbone is not well developed at birth, the spinal cord may bulge out of person’s back, can cause range of disabilities
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
developmental disability that causes problems with social skills and communications, include being withdrawn, unable to communicate using words or make eye contact, intense tantrums, repetitive body movements, aggression, short attention span, and inability to be empathetic are also problems, overly focused interests are common
