chapter 16

Question 1

urination

Answer 1

aka micturition/voiding; the act of passing urine from bladder to urethra to outside of body, made up of water and waste products filtered from blood from kidneys

Question 2

adults usually produce

Answer 2

about 1200-1500 ml of urine day, +/-

Question 3

factors affecting urination

Answer 3

normal aging, psychological factors, fluid intake, meds, disorders

Question 4

fracture pan

Answer 4

bedpan that is flatter than a regular bedpan, is used for R who cannot assist with raising their hips onto regular bedpan

Question 5

standard bedpan

Answer 5

should be positioned with the wider end aligned with resident’s buttocks

Question 6

portable commode

Answer 6

aka bedside commode, chair with toilet seat and removable container underneath, there are also bariatric portable commodes used for overweight or obese pts

Question 7

incontinence

Answer 7

inability to control bladder which leads to involuntary loss of urine, it is not a nl part of aging and must be reported

Question 8

stress incontinence

Answer 8

loss of urine due to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure

Question 9

urge incontinence

Answer 9

involuntary voiding from sudden urge to void

Question 10

mixed incontinence

Answer 10

combo of both stress and urge incontinence

Question 11

functional incontinence

Answer 11

urine loss caused by environmental, cognitive, or physical reasons

Question 12

overflow incontinence

Answer 12

loss of urine due to overflow or overdistension of bladder

Question 13

UTI

Answer 13

bacterial infection of urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidneys commonly bc of e.coli

Question 14

kidney stones

Answer 14

aka renal calculi, form when urine crystallizes in the kidneys

Question 15

renovascular hypertension

Answer 15

condition in which a blockage of the arteries in the kidneys causes high BP

Question 16

chronic renal failure

Answer 16

aka chronic kidney failure; occurs bc kidneys become unable to eliminate certain waste products, can develop bc of chronic UTIs, high BP, inflammation of kidneys, or diabetes, or excessive salt in diet,

Question 17

kidney dialysis

Answer 17

artificial means of removing the body’s waste products which can improve and extend life for several years, without dialysis CRF can progress to ESRD

Question 18

catheter

Answer 18

thin tube inserted into body to drain or inject fluids

Question 19

urinary catheter

Answer 19

used to drain urine from bladder

Question 20

straight catheter

Answer 20

inserted to drain urine from bladder and removed immediately after urine is drained

Question 21

indwelling catheter

Answer 21

aka foley catheter remains inside bladder for long period of time, and drains into a bag

Question 22

condom catheter

Answer 22

used for males, has an attachment on end that fits onto penis and is fastened with special tape, urine drains through cath into tubing into drainage bag, then a smaller bag, leg bag, attaches to leg and collects urine, is changed daily and as needed

Question 23

routine urine specimen

Answer 23

collected any time the R voids

Question 24

hat

Answer 24

plastic collection container sometimes put into a toilet bowl to collect and measure urine or stool

Question 25

clean catch specimen

Answer 25

aka midstream specimen that does not collect the first and last urine voided in sample

Question 26

24 hour urine specimen

Answer 26

collects all urine in 24 hour period , used to test for certain chemicals and hormones

Question 27

dip strips

Answer 27

aka reagent strips, used to test for such things as pH level, glucose, ketones, blood, nitrite, and specific gravity, have diff sections that chang ecolor when they react with urine

Question 28

testing pH levels

Answer 28

normal pH range for urine is 4.6-8.0, pH imbalance may be due to meds, food or illness

Question 29

testing for glucose

Answer 29

for diabetics where not enough insulin or does not produce any insulin to process glucose, sugar can appear in blood and urine,

Question 30

testing for ketones

Answer 30

ketones are chem substances produced when body burns fat for energy or fuel, for diabetics, they are produced when there is not enough insulin to help body use sugar for energy, not enough insulin - glucose builds up - and since body cannot use glucose - body will break down fat instead - and ketones build up in blood and spill into urine

Question 31

double voided urine specimen

Answer 31

aka fresh-fractional, used to test for glucose, is collected after first emptying bladder and then waiting until another specimen can be collected, voids first then given fluids and 30 min later, voids again

Question 32

testing for nitrites

Answer 32

to see if person has UTI, nitrite is substance produced by many UTIs

Question 33

testing specific gravity

Answer 33

aka urine density, measures concentration of chem particles in urine, evaluates bodys water balance and urine concentration by showing how the density of urine compares to water, nl ranges 1.002-1.028