chapter 16 Flashcards
urination
aka micturition/voiding; the act of passing urine from bladder to urethra to outside of body, made up of water and waste products filtered from blood from kidneys
adults usually produce
about 1200-1500 ml of urine day, +/-
factors affecting urination
normal aging, psychological factors, fluid intake, meds, disorders
fracture pan
bedpan that is flatter than a regular bedpan, is used for R who cannot assist with raising their hips onto regular bedpan
standard bedpan
should be positioned with the wider end aligned with resident’s buttocks
portable commode
aka bedside commode, chair with toilet seat and removable container underneath, there are also bariatric portable commodes used for overweight or obese pts
incontinence
inability to control bladder which leads to involuntary loss of urine, it is not a nl part of aging and must be reported
stress incontinence
loss of urine due to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure
urge incontinence
involuntary voiding from sudden urge to void
mixed incontinence
combo of both stress and urge incontinence
functional incontinence
urine loss caused by environmental, cognitive, or physical reasons
overflow incontinence
loss of urine due to overflow or overdistension of bladder
UTI
bacterial infection of urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidneys commonly bc of e.coli
kidney stones
aka renal calculi, form when urine crystallizes in the kidneys
renovascular hypertension
condition in which a blockage of the arteries in the kidneys causes high BP
chronic renal failure
aka chronic kidney failure; occurs bc kidneys become unable to eliminate certain waste products, can develop bc of chronic UTIs, high BP, inflammation of kidneys, or diabetes, or excessive salt in diet,
kidney dialysis
artificial means of removing the body’s waste products which can improve and extend life for several years, without dialysis CRF can progress to ESRD
catheter
thin tube inserted into body to drain or inject fluids
urinary catheter
used to drain urine from bladder
straight catheter
inserted to drain urine from bladder and removed immediately after urine is drained
indwelling catheter
aka foley catheter remains inside bladder for long period of time, and drains into a bag
condom catheter
used for males, has an attachment on end that fits onto penis and is fastened with special tape, urine drains through cath into tubing into drainage bag, then a smaller bag, leg bag, attaches to leg and collects urine, is changed daily and as needed
routine urine specimen
collected any time the R voids
hat
plastic collection container sometimes put into a toilet bowl to collect and measure urine or stool
clean catch specimen
aka midstream specimen that does not collect the first and last urine voided in sample
24 hour urine specimen
collects all urine in 24 hour period , used to test for certain chemicals and hormones
dip strips
aka reagent strips, used to test for such things as pH level, glucose, ketones, blood, nitrite, and specific gravity, have diff sections that chang ecolor when they react with urine
testing pH levels
normal pH range for urine is 4.6-8.0, pH imbalance may be due to meds, food or illness
testing for glucose
for diabetics where not enough insulin or does not produce any insulin to process glucose, sugar can appear in blood and urine,
testing for ketones
ketones are chem substances produced when body burns fat for energy or fuel, for diabetics, they are produced when there is not enough insulin to help body use sugar for energy, not enough insulin - glucose builds up - and since body cannot use glucose - body will break down fat instead - and ketones build up in blood and spill into urine
double voided urine specimen
aka fresh-fractional, used to test for glucose, is collected after first emptying bladder and then waiting until another specimen can be collected, voids first then given fluids and 30 min later, voids again
testing for nitrites
to see if person has UTI, nitrite is substance produced by many UTIs
testing specific gravity
aka urine density, measures concentration of chem particles in urine, evaluates bodys water balance and urine concentration by showing how the density of urine compares to water, nl ranges 1.002-1.028
