chapter 22 Flashcards
subacute care
falls bw acute care and long term care, provides a higher level of care than long term care, may be due to recent surgery, injuries, or chronic illnesses, complex wound care, specialized infusion therapy, dialysis, and mech ventilation
reasons for surgery
to relieve sx, to repair/remove probs, to improve apperance or correct fn, to dx, or to cure
3 types of surgeries
elective, urgent, and emergency
elective surgery
surgery that is chosen by pt and is planned in advance, not absolutely necessary
urgent surgery
must be performed for health reasons but not an emergency, may be planned and scheduled in advanced
emergency surgery
unexpected and unscheduled, performed immediately to save a life or person’s limbs
anethesia
use of meds to block pain during surgery and other medical procedures
local anesthesia
injection of an anesthetic directly into surgical site or area to block pain, used for minor surgical procedures, person may remain awake
regional anesthesia
injection of an anesthetic into nerve or group of nerves to block sensation in a particular region of the body, it is limited to an area, but to a larger area than for a local anesthetic
general anesthesia
inhaled or injected directly into a vein and affects the brain and the entire body, person is unaware of his surroundings and odes not feel any pain, blocks any memory of the procedure, is stopped when the surgery has been completed.
preoperative
before surgery care, physical and psychological prep
postoperative
after surgery care begins immediately following surgery, goal is to prevent infections, promote healing, and return the person to a state of health
postop concerns
probs with breathing, mental status, pain and wound healing
post op complications
urinary retention/infection, constipation, BP variances, and blood clots
sequential compression devices (SCDs)
plastic, air filled sleeve that is put on the leg and hooked up to a machine, when turned on machine inflates and deflates the sleeve, creating pressure and promoting blood flow
binders
stretchable pieces of fabric that can be fastened, they hold dressings in place and give support to surgical wounds, also reduce swelling and ease discomfort
surgical drains
placed near incision, and helps prevent fluid buildup which can lead to infection, are connected to a collection device such as a bulb which is emptied regularly,
pulse oximeter
noninvasive device that uses a light to determine the amt of oxygen in the blood (O2 sat), also measure a person’s pulse rate
telemetry
used to measure the heart rhythm and rate on a continuous basis, , electrodes (wires) attached to chest with sticky pads, and connected to a battery powered portable unit which sends data to computer screens a at a monitoring station, data is monitored and assessed at all times by specially trained staff
telemetry may be necessary due to
CP, heart or lung dz, hear tor lung surgery, irregular heartbeats, or certain meds that affect heart rhythm or rate
artificial airway
any tube inserted into respiratory tract to maintain or promote breathing, helps keep the airway open, necessary when airway is obstructed due to illness injury secretions or aspiration, or unconscious
intubation
artificial airway inserted through passage of a plastic tube through mouth nose or opening in neck into trachea
tracheostomy
surgically created opening through neck into trachea, is usually temporary but can be permanent, easier to suction and attach respiratory equipment than other artificial airways
tracheostomy tube/trach tube
inserted through surgically created opening in the neck into trachea
mechanical ventilation
a machine used to inflate and deflate the lungs when a person is unable to breathe on his own, may require it due to cardiac or respiratory arrest, lung injuries and diseases, or head and spinal cord injuries
suctioning
removes mucus and secretions from the lungs when a person cannot do this on his own, also person with trach
chest tubes
hollow drainage tubes that are inserted into the chest during a sterile procedure, can be inserted at bedside or during surg, they drain air, blood or other fluids, or pus, collected inside pleural cavity or space
