Chapter 7- The Axial Skeleton Flashcards

0
Q

The axial skeleton provides an extensive surface area for the attachment of muscles that…

A
  1. Adjust the positions of the head, neck, and the trunk
  2. Perform respiratory movements
  3. Stabilize or position parts of the appendicular skeleton
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1
Q

The axial skeleton can be recognized because it…

A

Forms the longitudinal axis of the body

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2
Q

What includes bones found exclusively in the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, hyoid

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3
Q

The axial skeleton creates a framework that supports and protects organ systems in the…

A

Ventral body cavities

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4
Q

The bones of the cranium that exclusively represent single,unpaired bones are the…

A

Occipital, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid

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5
Q

The paired bones of the cranium are the…

A

Parietal and temporal

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6
Q

The associated bones of the skull include the…

A

Hyoid and auditory ossicles

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7
Q

The single, unpaired bones that make up the skeletal part of the face are the…

A

Mandible and vomer

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8
Q

The lines, tubercles, crests, ridges, and other processes on the bones represent areas that are used primarily for…

A

Attachment of muscles and bones

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9
Q

The sutures that articulate the bones of the skull are the…

A

Lamboid, Sagittal, coronal, squamous

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10
Q

Foramina, located on the bones of the skull, serve primarily as passageways for…

A

Nerves and blood vessels

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11
Q

The bones that make up the lateral wall and rumor of the eye orbit are the…

A

Maxilla, zygomatic, and sphenoid

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12
Q

The sinuses, or internal chambers in the skull, are found in the…

A

Sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary bones

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13
Q

The nasal complex consists of the…

A
  1. Frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones
  2. Maxilla, lacrimal, and ethmoidal concha
  3. Inferior concha
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14
Q

The air filled chambers that communicate with the nasal cavities are the…

A

Paranasal sinuses

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15
Q

The primary function of the paranasal sinus mucus epithelium is to…

A
  1. Lighten the skull bones
  2. Humidify and warm incoming air
  3. Trap foreign particulate matter such as dust
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16
Q

Areas of the head that are involved in the formation of the skull are called…

A

Ossification centers

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17
Q

The reason the skull can be distorted without damage during birth is…

A

Fibrous connective tissue connects the cranial bones

18
Q

The anatomical structures that allows for distortion of the infant skull during the birthing process are called…

A

Fontanelles

19
Q

The most significant growth in the skull occurs before age 5 because…

A

The brain stops growing and cranial sutures develop

20
Q

The primary spinal curves that appear late in fetal development…

A

Accommodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera

21
Q

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called…

A

Scoliosis

22
Q

The vertebrae that indirectly effect changes in the volume of the rib cage are the…

A

Thoracic vertebrae

23
Q

The most massive and least mobile of the vertebrae are the…

A

Lumbar

24
Q

What identifies the sequence of the vertebra from superior to inferior?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

25
Q

When identifying the vertebra, a numerical shorthand is used, such as C3. The C refers to the…

A

The region of the vertebrae

26
Q

C1 and C2 have specific names, which are the…

A

Atlas and axis

27
Q

The sacrum consists of five fused elements that afford protection for…

A

Reproductive, digestive, and excretory organs

28
Q

The primary purpose of the coccyx is to provide…

A

An attachment site for a muscle that closes the anal opening

29
Q

The first seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs, while the lower five pairs are called false ribs because…

A

They do not attach directly or the sternum

30
Q

The skeleton of the chest, or thoracic cage, consists of…

A

Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum

31
Q

The three components of the adult sternum are the…

A

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

32
Q

Brain growth, skull growth, and completed crainial suture development occur…

A

By age 5

33
Q

The area of the greatest degree of flexibility along the vertebral column is found from…

A

C3-C7

34
Q

After a hard fall, compression fractures or compression-dislocation fractures most often involve…

A

Last thoracic and first two lumbar vertebrae

35
Q

Intervertebral discs are found in between all the vertebrae except…

A

Between C1 and C2 and the sacrum and coccyx

36
Q

Part of the loss that height that accompanies aging results from…

A

The decreasing size and resiliency of the intervertebral discs

37
Q

The skull articulates with the vertebral column at the…

A

Occipital condyles

38
Q

The saddle shaped feature of the sphenoid that house the pituitary gland is the…

A

Sella turcica

39
Q

The growth of the cranium is usually associated with the…

A

Expansion of the brain

40
Q

Beginning at the superior end of the vertebral canal and proceeding inferiorally, the…

A

Diameter of the cord and the size of the vertebral arch decrease

41
Q

The vertebrae that are directly articulated with the ribs are the…

A

Thoracic only

42
Q

During CPR, proper positioning of the hands is important so that an excessive pressure will not break the…

A

Xiphoid process