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Anatomy and physiology > Chapter 14- The Brain And Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 14- The Brain And Cranial Nerves Flashcards

0
Q

The region of the brain that adjusts voluntary and involuntary motor activities on the basis of sensory information and stored memories of previous movements is the…

A

Cerebellum

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1
Q

The major region of the brain responsible for conscious thought processes, sensations, intellectual functions, memory, and complex motor patterns is the…

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

The brain stem consists of…

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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3
Q

The expansion of the neurocoel enlarges to create three primary brain vesicles called the…

A

Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon

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4
Q

The cerebrum of the adult brain ultimately forms from the…

A

Telencephalon

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5
Q

The lateral ventricles of the cerebral hemisphere communicate with the third ventricle of the diencephalon through the…

A

Interventricular foramen

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6
Q

The slender canal that connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle is the…

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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7
Q

The delicate tissues of the brain are protected from mechanical forces by the…

A
  1. Bones of the cranium
  2. Cranial meninges
  3. Cerebrospinal fluid
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8
Q

The cranial meninges offer protection to the brain by…

A

Preventing contact with surrounding bones

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9
Q

The neural tissue of the brain is biochemically isolated from the general circulation by the…

A

Blood-brain barrier

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10
Q

The most important functions of the cerebrospinal fluid are…

A
  1. To cushion delicate delicate neural structures
  2. To support the brain
  3. The transport of nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products
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11
Q

A combination of specialized ependymal cells and permeable capillaries involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid forms a network called the…

A

Choroid plexus

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12
Q

Excess cerebrospinal fluid is returned to venous circulation by…

A

Diffusion across the arachnoid villi

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13
Q

The inferior portion of the medulla oblongata resembles the spinal cord, with the presence of a…

A

Small central canal

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14
Q

The similarity of the medulla oblongata to the spinal cord disappears with the formation of the…

A

Fourth ventricle

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15
Q

The cardiovascular centers and the respiratory rhythmicity centers located in the…

A

Medulla oblongata

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16
Q

The medulla oblongata contains sensory and motor nuclei associated with cranial nerves…

A

VIII,IX,X,XI, and XII

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17
Q

In the medulla oblongata, the relay stations along sensory or motor pathways include the…

A

Nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

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18
Q

The pons link the cerebellum with the…

A
  1. Diencephalon
  2. Cerebrum
  3. Spinal cord
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19
Q

The centers in the pons that modify the activity of the rhythmicity centers in the medulla oblongata are the…

A

Apneustic and pneumotaxic centers

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20
Q

Huge, highly branched Purkinje cells are found in the…

A

Cerebellar cortex

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21
Q

Coordination and refinement of learned movement patterns at the subconscious level are performed by the…

A

Cerebellum

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22
Q

The corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain are responsible for processing…

A

Visual and auditory sensations

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23
Q

The nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surfaces of the midbrain are the…

A

Cerebral peduncles

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24
Q

The epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothamalus are anatomical structures of the…

A

Diencephalon

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25
Q

Relay and processing centers for sensory information are found in the…

A

Thalamus

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26
Q

The hypothalamus contains centers involved with…

A

Emotions, automatic function, and hormone production

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27
Q

The sea-horse-like structure in the lambic system responsible for storage and retrieval of new long-term memories is the…

A

Hippocampus

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28
Q

As a functional group, the limbic system behaves as a…

A

Motivational system

29
Q

Even though almost completely separated, the two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a thick band of white matter called the…

A

Corpus callosum

30
Q

The cerebral cortex is linked to the diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord by……….fibers.

A

Projection

31
Q

The loves of the cerebral cortex involved in processing sensory data and motor activities are the…

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal

32
Q

The masses of gray matter that lie within each cerebral hemisphere deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle are the…

A

Basal nuclei

33
Q

The general interpretive area that receives information from all of the sensory associations is called…

A

Wernicke’s area

34
Q

Pyramidal cells are cortical neurons that…

A

Direct voluntary movements

35
Q

Higher frequency beta waves are typical of an individual who is…

A

Under stress or in a state of psychological tension

36
Q

Very-large-amplitude, low frequency waves normally seen during deep sleep are………waves.

A

Delta

37
Q

The brains of healthy, awake adults who are resting with their eyes closed produce………waves.

A

Alpha

38
Q

A loud noise produces a tympanic reflex that results in…

A

Reduced movement of the auditory ossicles

39
Q

Constriction of contralateral pupil due to light striking photoreceptor cells results from the…….reflex.

A

Consensual light

40
Q

A loud noise produces and auditory reflex that results in…

A

Eye and/or head movements

41
Q

The versatility of the brain to respond to stimuli is greater than yhat of the spinal cord because of the…

A

Number of neurons and complex interconnections between the neurons

42
Q

The midbrain processes…

A

Visual and auditory information and generates involuntary motor responses

43
Q

An individual with a damaged visual association area…

A

Can see letters clearly, but cannot recognize or interpret them

44
Q

The three major groups of axons that compromise the central white matter are…

A

Association, commissural, and projection fibers

45
Q

The masses of gray matter that lie between the bulging surface of the insula and the lateral wall of the diencephalon are the…

A

Putamen and globus pallidus

46
Q

The functions of the limbic system involve…

A

Emotional states and related behavioral drives

47
Q

The mamillary bodies in the floor of the hypothalamus contain motor nuclei that control the reflex movements involved with…

A

Chewing, licking, and swallowing

48
Q

Hypothalamic or thalami stimulation that depresses reticular formation activity in the brain stem results in…

A

Generalized lethargy or actual sleep

49
Q

The pineal gland, an endocrine structure that secretes the hormone melatonin, is found in the…

A

Epithalamus

50
Q

The pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus integrate…

A

Sensory information for projection to the association areas of the cerebral cortex

51
Q

The parts of the diencephalon responsible for coordination of activities of the central nervous system and the endocrine system are the…

A

Hypothalamus

52
Q

The hypothalamus produces and secretes the hormones…

A

ADH and oxytocin

53
Q

The preoptic area of the hypothalamus controls the…

A

Physiological responses to changes in body temperature

54
Q

The nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surfaces of the midbrain are the…

A

Cerebral peduncles

55
Q

The effortless serve of a tennis player is a result of establishing…

A

Cerebellar motor patterns

56
Q

Huge, highly branched Purkinje cells are found in the…

A

Cerebellar cortex

57
Q

The centers in the pons that modify the activity of the respiratory rhythmicity center in the medulla oblongata are the…

A

Apneustic and pneumotaxic

58
Q

The cardiovascular centers and the respiratory rhythmicity center are found in the…

A

Medulla oblongata

59
Q

The large veins found between the inner and outer layers of the dura mater are called the…

A

Dural sinuses

60
Q

Neural tissue in the central nervous system is isolated from the general circulation by the…

A

Blood-brain barrier

61
Q

The CSF reaches the subarachnoid space via…

A

Three holes in the fourth ventricle

62
Q

The blood-brain barrier remains intact throughout the CNS, except in…

A

Portions of the hypothalamus and the choroid plexus

63
Q

The ventricles in the brain form hollows chambers that serve as passageways for the circulation of…

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

64
Q

The central white matter of the cerebrum is found…

A

Beneath the neural cortex and around the basal nuclei

65
Q

The series of elevated ridges that increase the surface area of the cerebral hemispheres and the number of neurons in the cortical area are called…

A

Gyri

66
Q

The cranial nerves responsible for all aspects of eye function include….

A

II, III, IV, V, and VI

67
Q

If a person has a damage to the trochlear nerve of the right eye, the person would be unable to…

A

Look downward

68
Q

If a person has Bell’s palsy, a cranial nerve disorder that results from an inflammation of a facial nerve, a typical sign and symptom is…

A

Loss of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

69
Q

A lesion in the hypothalamus may cause a person to have a difficult time…

A

Controlling the expression of emotions

Anatomy and physiology (25 decks)

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