Chapter 6- Tissue And Bone Structure Flashcards
Storage of lipids that represent an important energy reserve in bone occur in areas of…
Yellow marrow
The functions of the skeletal system are…
- It is a storage area for calcium and lipids
- It is involved in blood cell formation
- It’s provides structural support for the entire body
Give an example of a long bone…
Humerus
Bones forming the roof of the skull and the scapula are referred to as…
Flat bones
Depressions, grooves, and tunnels in bone indicate…
Where blood vessels or nerves lie alongside or penetrate bones
An anatomical term used to describe a rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves is…
Foramen
Mature bone cells found in lacunae are called…
Osteocytes
Giant multinucleated cells involved in the process of osteolysis are…
Osteoclasts
One of the basic histological differences between compact and coo guy bone is that in compact bone…
The basic functional unit is the osteon
Spongy bone, unlike compact bone, resembles a network of bony struts separated by spaces that are normally filled with…
Bone marrow
Songs bone is found primarily at the……..of long bones
Expanded ends of long bones, where they articulate with other skeletal elements
Compact bone is usually thickest where…
Stresses arrive from a limited range of directions
During intramembranous ossification, the developing bone grows outward from the ossification center in small struts called…
Spicules
When osteoblasts begin to differentiate within a mesenchymal or fibrous connective tissue, the process is called…
Intramembranous ossification
The process during which bones begin development as cartilage models and the cartilage is later replaced by bone is called…
Endochondral ossification
Within the metaphysis region is the epiphyseal cartilage, where…
Cartilage is being replaced by bone
The process of removing and replacing bone’s organic and mineral components is called…
Remodeling
The major effect exercise has on bones is that it…
Serves to maintain and increase bone mass
Growth hormone from the pituitary gland and thyroxine from the thyroid gland maintain normal bone growth activity at the…
Epiphyseal plates
What describes a homeostatic mechanism of the skeleton?
- As one osteon forms through the activity of osteoblasts, another is destroyed by osteoclasts
- Adjusting the rate of calcium excretion by the kidneys
- Vitamin D stimulating the absorption and transport of calcium and phosphate ions
When larger numbers of calcium ions are mobilized into the body fluids, the bones…
Become weaker
In a greenstick fracture…
Only one side of the shaft is broken and the other is bent
A Pott’s fracture, which occurs at the ankle, is identified primarily by…
Its specific location
A normal part of the aging process results in bones becoming…
Thinner and weaker
The condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to comprise normal function is…
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is more frequent in older women than older men due to…
Decline in circulating estrogen
Changing the magnitude and direction of forces generated by skeletal muscles is an illustration of the skeletal function of…
Leverage
A sesamoid bone would most often be found…
Near joints at the knee, the hands, and the feet
The outer surface of the bone, the periosteum,…
- Isolates the bone from surrounding tissues
- Provides a route for circulatory and nervous supply
- Actively participates in bone growth and repair
Osteolysis is an important process in the regulation of…
Calcium and phosphate concentrations in body fluids
The calcification of cartilage results in the production of…
Calcified cartilage
Two thirds of the weight of bone is accounted for by…
Crystals of calcium phosphate
Healing of a fracture, even after severe damage, depends on the survival of…
The circulatory supply and the cellular components of the endosteum and periosteum
Three target sites for regulating the calcium ion concentration in body fluids are the…
Bones, intestinal tract, and kidneys
when the calcium ion concentration of the blood rises above normal, secretion of the hormone calcitonin…
Increases the rate of calcium ion excretion
When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones…
Grow longer
The major advantage for bones to undergo continual remodeling are…
- It may change the shape of the bone
- It may change the internal structure of a bone
- It may change the total amount of minerals deposited in the bones
The fibers of tendons intermingle with those of the periosteum, attaching…
Skeletal muscles to bones
Giant cells, called osteoclasts, with 50 or nuclei serve to…
Secretes acids that dissolve the bony matrix and release the stored minerals
After fertilization occurs, the skeleton begins to forms in about…
Six weeks
The circulating hormones that stimulate bone growth…
Growth hormone and thyroxine
Appositional bone growth at the outer surface results in a…
Increase in the diameter of a growing bone
The vitamins that are specifically required for normal bone growth are…
Vitamins A, C, D
The hormones that coordinate the storage, absorption, and excretion of calcium ions are…
Estrogens and androgens
A bone is covered by an…
Periosteum and lined with an endosteum
A fracture that projects through the skin is a…
Compound fracture
