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Anatomy and physiology > Chapter 6- Tissue And Bone Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 6- Tissue And Bone Structure Flashcards

0
Q

Storage of lipids that represent an important energy reserve in bone occur in areas of…

A

Yellow marrow

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1
Q

The functions of the skeletal system are…

A
  1. It is a storage area for calcium and lipids
  2. It is involved in blood cell formation
  3. It’s provides structural support for the entire body
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2
Q

Give an example of a long bone…

A

Humerus

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3
Q

Bones forming the roof of the skull and the scapula are referred to as…

A

Flat bones

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4
Q

Depressions, grooves, and tunnels in bone indicate…

A

Where blood vessels or nerves lie alongside or penetrate bones

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5
Q

An anatomical term used to describe a rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves is…

A

Foramen

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6
Q

Mature bone cells found in lacunae are called…

A

Osteocytes

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7
Q

Giant multinucleated cells involved in the process of osteolysis are…

A

Osteoclasts

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8
Q

One of the basic histological differences between compact and coo guy bone is that in compact bone…

A

The basic functional unit is the osteon

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9
Q

Spongy bone, unlike compact bone, resembles a network of bony struts separated by spaces that are normally filled with…

A

Bone marrow

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10
Q

Songs bone is found primarily at the……..of long bones

A

Expanded ends of long bones, where they articulate with other skeletal elements

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11
Q

Compact bone is usually thickest where…

A

Stresses arrive from a limited range of directions

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12
Q

During intramembranous ossification, the developing bone grows outward from the ossification center in small struts called…

A

Spicules

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13
Q

When osteoblasts begin to differentiate within a mesenchymal or fibrous connective tissue, the process is called…

A

Intramembranous ossification

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14
Q

The process during which bones begin development as cartilage models and the cartilage is later replaced by bone is called…

A

Endochondral ossification

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15
Q

Within the metaphysis region is the epiphyseal cartilage, where…

A

Cartilage is being replaced by bone

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16
Q

The process of removing and replacing bone’s organic and mineral components is called…

A

Remodeling

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17
Q

The major effect exercise has on bones is that it…

A

Serves to maintain and increase bone mass

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18
Q

Growth hormone from the pituitary gland and thyroxine from the thyroid gland maintain normal bone growth activity at the…

A

Epiphyseal plates

19
Q

What describes a homeostatic mechanism of the skeleton?

A
  1. As one osteon forms through the activity of osteoblasts, another is destroyed by osteoclasts
  2. Adjusting the rate of calcium excretion by the kidneys
  3. Vitamin D stimulating the absorption and transport of calcium and phosphate ions
20
Q

When larger numbers of calcium ions are mobilized into the body fluids, the bones…

A

Become weaker

21
Q

In a greenstick fracture…

A

Only one side of the shaft is broken and the other is bent

22
Q

A Pott’s fracture, which occurs at the ankle, is identified primarily by…

A

Its specific location

23
Q

A normal part of the aging process results in bones becoming…

A

Thinner and weaker

24
Q

The condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to comprise normal function is…

A

Osteoporosis

25
Q

Osteoporosis is more frequent in older women than older men due to…

A

Decline in circulating estrogen

26
Q

Changing the magnitude and direction of forces generated by skeletal muscles is an illustration of the skeletal function of…

A

Leverage

27
Q

A sesamoid bone would most often be found…

A

Near joints at the knee, the hands, and the feet

28
Q

The outer surface of the bone, the periosteum,…

A
  1. Isolates the bone from surrounding tissues
  2. Provides a route for circulatory and nervous supply
  3. Actively participates in bone growth and repair
29
Q

Osteolysis is an important process in the regulation of…

A

Calcium and phosphate concentrations in body fluids

30
Q

The calcification of cartilage results in the production of…

A

Calcified cartilage

31
Q

Two thirds of the weight of bone is accounted for by…

A

Crystals of calcium phosphate

32
Q

Healing of a fracture, even after severe damage, depends on the survival of…

A

The circulatory supply and the cellular components of the endosteum and periosteum

33
Q

Three target sites for regulating the calcium ion concentration in body fluids are the…

A

Bones, intestinal tract, and kidneys

34
Q

when the calcium ion concentration of the blood rises above normal, secretion of the hormone calcitonin…

A

Increases the rate of calcium ion excretion

35
Q

When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones…

A

Grow longer

36
Q

The major advantage for bones to undergo continual remodeling are…

A
  1. It may change the shape of the bone
  2. It may change the internal structure of a bone
  3. It may change the total amount of minerals deposited in the bones
37
Q

The fibers of tendons intermingle with those of the periosteum, attaching…

A

Skeletal muscles to bones

38
Q

Giant cells, called osteoclasts, with 50 or nuclei serve to…

A

Secretes acids that dissolve the bony matrix and release the stored minerals

39
Q

After fertilization occurs, the skeleton begins to forms in about…

A

Six weeks

40
Q

The circulating hormones that stimulate bone growth…

A

Growth hormone and thyroxine

41
Q

Appositional bone growth at the outer surface results in a…

A

Increase in the diameter of a growing bone

42
Q

The vitamins that are specifically required for normal bone growth are…

A

Vitamins A, C, D

43
Q

The hormones that coordinate the storage, absorption, and excretion of calcium ions are…

A

Estrogens and androgens

44
Q

A bone is covered by an…

A

Periosteum and lined with an endosteum

45
Q

A fracture that projects through the skin is a…

A

Compound fracture

Anatomy and physiology (25 decks)

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