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Anatomy and physiology > Chapter 4- Tissue Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Tissue Organization Flashcards

0
Q

The type of tissue that covers exposed surfaces and lines internal passageways and body cavities…

A

Epithelial

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1
Q

The primary tissue types found in the human body is…

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural

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2
Q

The two types of layering recognized in epithelial tissues are…

A

Simple and stratified

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3
Q

The type of cells that form glandular epithelium that secretes enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands are…

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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4
Q

The type of epithelial tissue found along the ducts that drain sweat glands is…

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

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5
Q

A single layer of epithelial cells covering a basal lamina is termed…

A

Simple epithelium

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6
Q

Simple epithelial cells are characteristics of regions where…

A

Secretion and absorption occur

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7
Q

From a surface view, cells that look like fried eggs laid side by side are…

A

Squamous epithelium

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8
Q

Stratified epithelium has several cell layers above the basal lamina and is usually found in areas where…

A

Mechanical or chemical stresses occur

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9
Q

Cells that form a neat row with nuclei near the center of each cell and that appears square in typical sectional views are…

A

Cuboidal epithelium

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10
Q

The major structural difference between columnar epithelia and cuboidal epithelia that the columnar epithelia…

A

Are taller and slender and the nuclei are crowded into a narrow band close to the basement membrane

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11
Q

Simple squamous epithelium would be found in the following area(s) of the body…

A
  1. Urinary tract and inner surface of circulatory system
  2. Respiratory surface of lungs
  3. Lining of body cavities
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12
Q

Stratified columnar epithelia provide protection along portions of…

A

Reproductive, digestive, respiratory, and urinary

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13
Q

Glandular epithelia contain cells that produce…

A

Exocrine and endocrine secretions

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14
Q

The three basic components of all connective tissues are…

A

Specialized cells, extra cellular protein fibers, and ground substance

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15
Q

The two most abundant cell populations found in connective tissue proper are…

A

Fibroblasts and fibrocytes

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16
Q

Most do the volume in loose connective tissue is made up of…

A

Ground substance

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17
Q

The major purpose of adipose tissue in the body are…

A

Energy storage, cushioning, and insulation

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18
Q

Reticular tissue forms the basic framework and organization for several organs that have…

A

A complex three-dimensional structure

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19
Q

Tendons are cords of dense regular connective tissue that…

A

Attach skeletal muscles to bones

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20
Q

Ligaments are bundles of elastic and collagen fibers that…

A

Connect one bone to another bone

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21
Q

The three major subdivisions of the extra cellular fluid in the body are…

A

Plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph

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22
Q

Bone functions as a supporting connective tissue because…

A
  1. The collagen fibers act like steel reinforcing rods
  2. The mineralized matrix acts like concrete
  3. Minerals surrounding the collagen fibers produce a strong, flexible combination that is highly resistant to shattering
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23
Q

The two types of supporting connective tissue are…

A

Cartilage and bone

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24
Q

The type of tissue that fills internal spaces and provides structural support and a framework for communication within the body is…

A

Connective

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25
Q

The three major types of cartilage found in the body are…

A

Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

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26
Q

The pads that lie between the vertebrae of the spinal column contain…

A

Fibrocartilage

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27
Q

The mucous membranes that are lined by simple epithelia perform the functions of…

A

Absorption and secretion

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28
Q

The mesothelium of serous membranes is very thin, a structural characteristic that makes them…

A

Extremely permeable

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29
Q

Bone cells found in the lacunae within the matrix are called…

A

Osteocytes

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30
Q

The layers of connective tissue that create the internal framework of the body are responsible for…

A
  1. Providing strength and stability
  2. Maintaining the relative positions of internal organs
  3. Providing a route for the distribution of blood vessels
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31
Q

Muscle tissue has the ability to…

A

Contract and produce active movement

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32
Q

The three types of muscle tissue found in the body are…

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

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33
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers are very unusual because they may be…

A

A foot or more in length, and each cell contains hundreds of nuclei

34
Q

Neural tissue is specialized to…

A

Carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

35
Q

The major function of neurons in neural tissue is to…

A

Transmit signals that take the form of changes in the transmembrane potential

36
Q

Structurally, neurons are unique because they are the only cells in the body that have…

A

Axons and dendrites

37
Q

The restoration of homeostasis after and injury involves two related processes, which are…

A

Inflammation and regeneration

38
Q

The release of histamine by mast cells at an injury site produces the following responses…

A

Redness, warmth, and swelling

39
Q

With advancing age, the…

A

Energy consumption in general declines

40
Q

The four primary tissue types found in the body are connective, muscle, epithelial, and…

A

Neural

41
Q

…..refers to the structural and functional differences between apical and basal surfaces of epithelia.

A

Polarity

42
Q

The epithelium that lines the body cavity is the..

A

Mesothelium

43
Q

The lining of the heart and blood vessels is called a(n)…

A

Endothelium

44
Q

In merocrine secretion, the product is released through…

A

Exocytosis

45
Q

Of the four primary types, the tissue that stores energy in bulk quantities is…

A

Connective tissue

46
Q

The most common fibers in connective tissue proper are…

A

Collagen fibers

47
Q

Connective tissue fibers forming a branching, interwoven framework that is tough but flexible describes…

A

Reticular fibers

48
Q

The collagen fibers that connect one bone to another are the…

A

Ligaments

49
Q

Cartilage cells, or……, divide and contribute additional matrix during interstitial growth.

A

Chondrocytes

50
Q

The loose connective tissue of a mucous membrane is called the…

A

Lamina propria

51
Q

A layer of areoles tissue and fat,…….,separates the skin from underlying tissues and organs.

A

Superficial fascia

52
Q

The only type of muscle tissue that is under voluntary control is…

A

Skeletal

53
Q

Neural tissue contains several different kinds of supporting cells called…

A

Neuroglia

54
Q

The death of cells or tissues from disease or injury is referred to as…

A

Necrosis

55
Q

An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue space is called an…

A

Abscess

56
Q

With advancing age, tissue repair….and cancer rates….

A

Declines; increase

57
Q

If epithelial tissues are classified according to their cell shape, the classes would include…

A

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

58
Q

If epithelial cells are classified according to their function, the classes would include those involved with…

A

Lining, covering, and storage

59
Q

Epithelial tissues are differentiated from the other tissue types because they…

A
  1. Always have a free surface exposed to the environment or to some internal chamber or passageway
  2. Have little space between adjacent epithelial cells
  3. Do not contain blood vessels
60
Q

Certain epithelial cells are called pseudo stratified columnar because…

A

They have a layered appearance but all the cells contact the basal lamina

61
Q

Three modes of secretion by glandular epithelial cells are…

A

Merocrine, apocrine, and Holocene secretions

62
Q

Milk production in the breasts occurs through…

A

Apocrine and merocrine secretions

63
Q

Holocrine secretions differ from other methods of secretions because…

A

The product is released but the cell is destroyed

64
Q

Examples of exocrine glands that secrete onto some internal or external surface are…

A

Sweat and salivary

65
Q

The two fluid connective tissues found in the human body are…

A

Blood and lymph

66
Q

Supporting connective tissues found in the body are…

A

Cartilage and bone

67
Q

The common factor shared by the three connective tissue fiber types is that all three types are…

A

Abundant in all major organs of the body

68
Q

During a weight loss program when nutrients are scarce, adipocytes…

A

Deflate like collapsing balloons

69
Q

Hyaline cartilage serves to…

A

Connect the ribs to the sternum

70
Q

Summarizing the structural and functional properties of skeletal muscle tissue, it can be considered…

A

Striated voluntary muscle

71
Q

The major identifying feature characteristic of mucous membranes is that…

A

They line cavities that communicate with the exterior

72
Q

Mucous membranes would be found primarily in which of the following systems?

A

Digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary

73
Q

The pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium are examples of…

A

Serous membranes

74
Q

The primary function of a serous membrane is to…

A

Reduce friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces

75
Q

In contrast to serous or mucous membranes, the cutaneous membrane is…

A

Thick, relatively waterproof, and usually dry

76
Q

Which of the following examples of intercellular connections found in epithelia?

A
  1. Cell adhesion molecules
  2. Gap junctions
  3. Desmosomes
77
Q

A component that synovial fluid and ground substance have in common is the presence of…

A

Hyaluronic acid

78
Q

The capsules that surround most organs such as the kidneys and organs in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities are bound to the…

A

Deep fascia

79
Q

The only avascular type of connective tissue is…

A

Cartilage

80
Q

Tissue destruction that occurs after cells have been injured or destroyed is called…

A

Necrosis

81
Q

Which of the following best defines inflammation?

A

A coordinated defense that produces redness, swelling, heat, and pain

82
Q

The loose connective tissue component of a mucous membrane is called the…

A

Lamina propria

Anatomy and physiology (25 decks)

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