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Anatomy and physiology > Chapter 1- Intro To A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Intro To A&P Flashcards

0
Q

The study of internal and external body structures is…

A

Anatomy

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1
Q

The study of anatomy and physiology provides…

A
  1. The foundation for understanding all other basic life sciences
  2. An understanding of how your body works under normal and abnormal circumstances
  3. A basis for making common sense decisions about your own life.
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2
Q

Reading the textbook and memorizing important facts will assure you of success in the A&P course…

A

False

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3
Q

Physiology is the study of…

A

How living organisms perform functions

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4
Q

The four basic building blocks of medical terms are…

A

Word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms

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5
Q

The worldwide official standard of anatomical vocabulary is…

A

Terminologia anatomica

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6
Q

Anatomy and physiology are closely related because…

A
  1. Anatomical information provides clues about functions
  2. All specific functions are performed by specific structures
  3. Physiological mechanisms can be explained only in terms of underlying anatomy
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7
Q

The study of general form and superficial anatomical markings is called…

A

Surface anatomy

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8
Q

The anatomical specialty that provides a bridge between the realms of macroscopic anatomy and microscopic anatomy is…

A

Developmental anatomy

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9
Q

The specialized study that analyzes the structure of individual cells is…

A

Cytology

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10
Q

The scientist who studies the effects of diseases on organ or system functions would be classified as a…

A

Pathological physiologist

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11
Q

The smallest living units in the body are…

A

Cells

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12
Q

The level of organization that reflects the interactions between organ systems is the…

A

Organism

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13
Q

The two regulatory systems in the human body are the…

A

Nervous and endocrine

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14
Q

Homeostasis refers to…

A

The maintenance of a stable internal environment

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15
Q

When a variation outside of normal limits triggers an automatic response that corrects the situation, the mechanism is called…

A

Negative feedback

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16
Q

When an initial disturbance produces a response that exaggerates the disturbance, the mechanism is called…

A

Positive feedback

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17
Q

An erect body, with the feet together, eyes directed forward, and the arms at the side of the body with the palms of the hands turned forward, represents the…

A

Anatomical position

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18
Q

Moving from the wrist toward the elbow is an example of moving in a…

A

Proximal direction

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19
Q

RLQ is an abbreviation used as a reference to designate a specific…

A

Abdominopelvic quadrant

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20
Q

Making a Sagittal section results in the separation of…

A

Right and left portions of the body

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21
Q

The two major subdivisions of the ventral body cavity are the…

A

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

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22
Q

The heart and lungs are located in the…

A

Thoracic

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23
Q

The ventral body cavity is divided by a flat muscular sheet called the…

A

Diaphragm

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24
Q

The study of anatomy and physiology provides and explanation of how the body responds to normal and abnormal conditions and maintains…

A

Homeostasis

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25
Q

Anatomy is the study of internal and external…

A

Body structures

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26
Q

A comparative name for a structure that was originally named for a real or mythical person is an…

A

Eponym

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27
Q

A person who specializes in the study of tissue is called a…

A

Histologist

28
Q

The study of early developmental processes is called…

A

Embryology

29
Q

The study of the functions of the living cells is called…

A

Cell physiology

30
Q

In complex organisms such as the human being, cells unite to form…

A

Tissues

31
Q

At the chemical level of organization, chemicals interact to form complex…

A

Molecules

32
Q

An organ system is made up of structural units called…

A

Organs

33
Q

The kidneys, bladder, and ureters are organs that belong to the…

A

Urinary system

34
Q

The esophagus, large intestine, and stomach are organs that belong to the…

A

Digestive system

35
Q

The organ system to which the skin belongs is the…

A

Integumentary system

36
Q

The term that refers to the adjustments in physiological systems is…

A

Regulation

37
Q

When opposing processes or forces are in balance, it can be said that they have reached a state of…

A

Equilibrium

38
Q

When the activities of a cell, tissue, organ, or system change automatically due to environmental variation, the homeostatic mechanism that operates is called…

A

Auto regulation

39
Q

A response that is important in accelerating processes that must proceed to completion rapidly is called…

A

Positive feedback

40
Q

The two systems often controlled by negative feedback mechanisms are the nervous and…

A

Endocrine systems

41
Q

Tenderness in the RUQ might indicate problems with the…

A

Liver

42
Q

A term that means “close to the long axis of the body” is…

A

Medial

43
Q

A term that means “away from an attached base” is…

A

Distal

44
Q

A horizontal or cross-section view of the human body at a right angle to the long axis of the body is a…

A

Transverse

45
Q

The subdivision of the thoracic cavity that houses the heart is the…

A

Pericardial cavity

46
Q

The region that lies between and separates the two pleural cavities is the…

A

Mediastinum

47
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity is also known as the…

A

Peritoneal

48
Q

Proceeding through increasing levels of complexity in humans, the correct sequence is…

A

Molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

49
Q

The field of developmental anatomy includes the study of…

A

Changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity

50
Q

The homeostatic mechanism of extrinsic regulation results from…

A

The activities of the nervous or endocrine system that control or adjust the activities of many other systems simultaneously

51
Q

Anatomical position refers to a person standing erect, feet facing forward, and…

A

Arms hanging to sides and palms of hands facing forward with the thumbs located laterally

52
Q

Correct sequence that applies to the areas of the human body…

A

Anterior, dorsal, cephalic, caudal

53
Q

In the negative feedback system, the process that triggers a response that corrects the situation is…

A

A variation outside of normal limits

54
Q

Suppose an individual’s body temperature is 37.3 C. This variation from the “normal” value may represent…

A

Individual variation rather than a homeostatic malfunction

55
Q

If the temperature of the body climbs above 99 F negative feedback regulation could trigger…

A

An increased heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and sweating

56
Q

The term medial surface refers to an area…

A

Close to the long axis of the body

57
Q

The sectional plane that divides the body so the face remains intact is the…

A

Coronal plane

58
Q

Negative feedback systems…

A

Counteract the effects of a stimulus

59
Q

The specialist who investigates structures at the tissue level of organization is the…

A

Histologist

60
Q

The system responsible for internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes,and gases, is the…

A

Cardiovascular system

61
Q

The system responsible for defense against infection and disease is the…

A

Lymphatic

62
Q

Activities of the nervous and endocrine systems to control or adjust the activities of many different systems simultaneously are…

A

Extrinsic regulation

63
Q

The system that performs crisis management by directing rapid, short-term, and very specific responses is the…

A

Nervous

64
Q

The popliteal artery can be found near the…

A

Knee

65
Q

Tenderness in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen may indicate…

A

Appendicitis

66
Q

Moving proximally from the wrist brings you to the…

A

Elbow

67
Q

To oppose any departure from the norm, physiological systems are typically regulated by…

A

Negative feedback

68
Q

If a surgeon makes a midsagittal incision in the inferior region of the thorax, the incision would be made through the…

A

Sternum

Anatomy and physiology (25 decks)

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