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Anatomy and physiology > Chapter 17: The Special Senses > Flashcards

Chapter 17: The Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

The two tissue layers that make up the olfactory organs are the…

A

olfactory epithelium and lamina propria

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2
Q

the first step in olfactory reception occurs on the exposed…

A

olfactory cilia

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3
Q

the ultimate destinations for interpreting the sense of smell are…

A
  1. olfactory cortex
  2. hypothalamus
  3. limbic system
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4
Q

the factor that ensures that you quickly lose awareness of a new smell but retain sensitivity to others is called…

A

central adaptation

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5
Q

the CNS interprets smell on the basis of the particular pattern of…

A

receptor activity

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6
Q

although the human olfactory organs can discriminate among many smells, acuity varies widely depending on the…

A

nature of odorant

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7
Q

the three different types of papillae on the human tongue…

A

filiform, fungiform, and circumvallate

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8
Q

taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves…

A

VII, IX, and X

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9
Q

after synapsing in the thalamus, gustatory information is projected to the appropriate portion of the…

A

gustatory cortex

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10
Q

taste buds in all portions of the tongue provide all four primary taste sensations…

A

true

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11
Q

gustatory reception begins when dissolved chemicals contacting the taste hairs bind to receptor proteins of the,,,

A

gustatory cells

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12
Q

protein complexes that use second messengers to produce their gustatory effects are called…

A

gustducins

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13
Q

an examples of one inheirted taste sensitivity is for the compound…

A

phenylthiocarbamide

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14
Q

a lipid-rich product that helps to keep the eyelids from sticking together is produced by the…

A

tarsal glands

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15
Q

the fibrous layer, the outermost layer of covering the eye, consists of the…

A

sclera and cornea

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16
Q

the vascular layer consists of three distinct structures, the…

A

iris, ciliary body, and choroid

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17
Q

the function of the vitreous body in the eye is to…

A

stabilize the shape of the eye

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18
Q

the primary function of the lens of the eye is to…

A

focus the visual image on the retinal photoreceptors

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19
Q

when looking directly at an object, its image falls upon the portion of the retina called…

A

fovia centralis

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20
Q

the transparent proteins in the lens fibers, responsible for both the clarity and the focusing power of the lens, are…

A

crystallins

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21
Q

when photons of all wavelengths stimulate both rods and all three types of cones, the eye percieves…

A

“white” lights

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22
Q

axons converge on the optic disc, penetrate the wall of the eye, and proceed toward the…

A

diencephalon as the optic nerve

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23
Q

the perception of a visual image reflects the integration of information arriving at the…

A

visual cortex of the cerebrum

24
Q

the bony labyrinth of the ear is subdivided into the…

A

vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea

25
Q

the external ear is seperated from the middle ear by the…

A

tympanic membrane

26
Q

the auditory ossicles of the middle ear include…

A

malleus, stapes, and incus

27
Q

the structure in the cochlea of the internal ear that provides information to the CNS is the…

A

spiral organ

28
Q

the receptors that provide the sensation of hearing are located in the…

A

cochlea

29
Q

the senses of equilibrium and hearing are provided by receptors in the…

A

internal ear

30
Q

ascending auditory sensations synapse in the thalamus and then are delivered by projection fibers to the auditory cortex of the…

A

temporal lobe

31
Q

olfactory secretions that absorb water and form a thick, pigmented mucus are produced by…

A

olfactory glands

32
Q

during the olfaction process, the first synapse occurs at the…

A

olfactory bulbs of the cerebrum

33
Q

one of the few examples of neuronal replacement occurs in the_________population.

A

olfactory receptor

34
Q

the tongue papillae that provide friction to move objects around in the mouth, but do not contain taste buds, are…

A

filiform papillae

35
Q

the ultimate higher-order olfactory destination is the…

A

olfactory cortex

36
Q

the mechanism that quickly reduces your sensitivity to a new taste is…

A

central adaptation

37
Q

a taste recpetor sensitive to dissolved chemicals but insensitive to pressure illustrates the concept of…

A

receptor specificity

38
Q

during the focusing process, when light travels from the air into the relatively dense cornea,…

A

the light path is bent

39
Q

exposure to bright light produces a…

A

rapid reflexive decrease in pupillary diameter

40
Q

the color of the eye is determined by…

A

the thickness of the iris and the number and distribution of pigment cells

41
Q

in rating visual acuity, a person whose vision is rated 20/15 is better than normal since this person can…

A

read letters at 20 feet that are only discernible by the normal eye at 15 feet from the chart

42
Q

after an intense exposure to light, a “ghost” image remains on the retina because a photoreceptor cannot respond to stimulation until…

A

its rhodopsin molecules have been regenerated

43
Q

the role that vitamin A plays in the eye is…

A

the visual pigment retinal is synthesized from vitamin A

44
Q

the reason everything appears to be shades of gray when we enter dimly lighted surroundings is…

A

only rods are stimulated

45
Q

when one or more classes of cones are nonfunctional, the result is…

A

color blindness

46
Q

the most detailed information about the visual image is provided by the…

A

cones

47
Q

the region of the retina called the “blind spot” is an area that structurally compromises the…

A

optic disc

48
Q

the partial cross-over that occurs at the optic chiasm ensures that the visual cortex receives…

A

a composite picture of the entire visual field

49
Q

the waxy material that slows the growth of microorganisms in the external acoustic canal and reduces the chances of infection is…

A

cerumen

50
Q

the auditory ossicles found in the middle ear resemble “tools” that would be found in a…

A

horse stable

51
Q

information about the direction and strength of mechanical stimuli is provided by the…

A

hair cells

52
Q

the receptors in the internal ear that provide sensations of gravity and linear acceleration are the…

A

saccule and utricle

53
Q

the intensity of a percieved sound is determined by…

A

how many of the hair cells in the cochlear duct are stimulated

54
Q

information about the region and intensity of auditory stimulation is relayed to the CNS over the cochlear branch of…

A

Optic nerve 9 (NVIII)

55
Q

the energy content of a sound determines its intensity, which is measured in…

A

decibels

Anatomy and physiology (25 decks)

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