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Anatomy and physiology > Chapter 11- The Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 11- The Muscular System Flashcards

0
Q

In a convergent muscle the muscle fibers are…

A

Based over a broad area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site

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1
Q

The four types of muscles identified by different patterns of organization are…

A

Parallel, convergent, pennate, and circular

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2
Q

A first class level is one in which…

A

The fulcrum lies between the applied force and the resistance

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3
Q

The effect of an arrangement where a force is applied between the resistance and the fulcrum illustrates the principles operating…

A

Third class levers

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4
Q

The site where the movable end of a muscle attaches to bone or other connective tissue is referred to as the…

A

Insertion

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5
Q

A muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement is called an…

A

Prime mover

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6
Q

Muscles are classified functionally as synergists when…

A

Their contraction is coordinated in a way that assists another muscle in affecting a particular movement

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7
Q

Extrinsic muscles are those that…

A

Position or stabilize an organ

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8
Q

The reason we use the word bicep to describe a particular muscle is because…

A

There are two tendons of origin

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9
Q

Which is included in the muscles of the facial expression?

A

Buccinator, orbicularis oris, risorius, occipitofrontalis

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10
Q

The muscles that bring the teeth together during mastication are the…

A

Temporalis, pterygoid, and masseter

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11
Q

The names of the muscles of the tongue are readily identified because their descriptive names end in…

A

Glossus

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12
Q

The superficial muscles of the spine are identified by subdivisions that include the…

A

Iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

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13
Q

The muscles in the abdominal region that compress the abdomen, depress the ribs, and flex or bend the spine are the…

A

External obliques

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14
Q

The muscular floor of the pelvic cavity is formed by muscles that make up the…

A

Urogenital triangle and anal triangle

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15
Q

What is included in the only muscles that move the shoulder girdle?

A

Trapezius, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor, subclavius

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16
Q

What muscles only move the upper arm?

A

Deltoid, teres major, latissamus dorsi, pectoralis major

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17
Q

The muscles that arise on the humerus and the forearm and rotate the radius without producing either Flexion or extension of the elbow are the…

A

Pronator teres and supinator

18
Q

The pectoralis major produces………at the shoulder joint, and the latissamus dorsi muscle produces………..

A

Flexion; extension

19
Q

The muscle groups that are responsible for movement of the thigh include the…

A

Adductor, gluteal, and lateral rotator

20
Q

The flexors that move the lower leg, commonly known as the hamstrings, include the…

A

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus

21
Q

The extensors that move the lower leg, commonly known as the quadriceps, include the…

A

Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis

22
Q

Major muscles that produce plantar Flexion involved with movement of the lower leg are the…

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibalis posterior

23
Q

The actions that the arm muscles produce that are not evident in the action of the leg muscles are…

A

Pronation and supination

24
Q

Common functional actions of the muscles of the forearm and the upper leg involve…

A

Flexion and extension

25
Q

One of the effects of aging on the muscular system is…

A

Tolerance for exercise decreases

26
Q

The number of satellite cells steadily decreases with age and the…

A

Amount of fibrous tissue increases

27
Q

For all the body systems, the muscular system…

A

Generates heat that helps maintain normal body temperature

28
Q

While the integumentary system helps the skin surface remove excess heat generated by muscle activity,…………mechanisms are also coordinating responses to maintain homeostasis.

A
  1. Respiratory
  2. Nervous
  3. Cardiovascular
29
Q

The two factors that interact to determine the effects of individual skeletal muscle contraction are the…

A

Anatomical arrangement of the muscle fibers and the way the muscle attaches to the skeletal system

30
Q

In compartment syndrome, accumulated blood and fluid trapped within a musculoskeletal compartment results in…

A

Ischemia

31
Q

When a muscle contracts and it’s fibers shorten, the…

A

Insertion moves toward the origin

32
Q

The rectus muscles, which lie between the vertebral spines and ventral midline, are important…

A

Flexors of the spinal column

33
Q

Attaching a muscle to a lever can change the…

A
  1. Direction of an applied force
  2. Distance and speed of movement applied force
  3. Strength of force
34
Q

A collagenous sheet connecting two muscles is an…

A

Aponeurosis

35
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the genioglossus muscle?

A

Originates at chin and inserts at tongue

36
Q

The muscles that are synergistic with the diaphragm during inspiration are the….

A

External intercostals

37
Q

When playing an instrument such as a trumpet, the muscles used to purse the lips and blow forcefully is the….

A

Buccinator

38
Q

The most powerful and important muscle used when chewing food is the…

A

Masseter

39
Q

If you are engaging in an activity in which the action involves the use of the levator scapulae, you are…

A

Shrugging your shoulders

40
Q

The muscular elements that provide substantial support for the loosely built shoulder joint are collectively referred to as the…

A

Rotator cuff

41
Q

The biceps muscle makes a prominent bulge when…

A

Flexing the forearm supinated

42
Q

The carpal tunnels that are associated with the wrist bones are formed by the presence of…

A

Tendon sheaths crossing the surface of the wrist

43
Q

If an individual complains because do shin splints, the affected muscles are located over the…

A

Anterior surface of the leg

Anatomy and physiology (25 decks)

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