Chapter 6 class (exam2)

Question 1

Evolution of antipredator Behavior is influenced by..
1)
2)
3)

Answer 1

1. Predators normally encountered
   a. Specific defense for a major predator
   b. General defense for several equally effective predators
2. Predator effectiveness
   a. Defenses that slightly raise predator costs in time, energy, or danger can be effective
3. Cost to prey of various defenses

Question 2

Moose-Wolf interactions

Answer 2

131 Observed moose-wolf interactions | 11 saw wolves and left
120 Wolves detected moose | 24 moose stood at bay when wolves approached
96 moose ran when wolves approached | 43 moose escaped
53 wolves caught up to moose | 12 moose stood at bay
41 moose continued to run when wolves caught up | 34 moose ran our outlasted wolves
7 moose were attacked | 1 moose wounded by escaped
6 moose were killed (5% of those detected)

Question 3

Making detection more difficult - a few ways
A) 
B) 
C)
D)

Answer 3

A) Cryptic coloration, Disruptive coloration
B) Cryptic behavior (active when predators are not)
C) Group formation (safer in a group of prey than alone)
D) Removing evidence of presence (caterpillar that chews stem of leaf so leaf falls to ground. Skipper caterpillar ejects poo from body to deter attack.)

Question 4

Cryptic coloration

Answer 4

matches background

i.e. cuddle fish or tiger

Question 5

Disruptive coloration

Answer 5

bold patterns break up body outline (stripes/spots/fawn)

Question 6

Making attack less likely:
A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
E) 
F)

Answer 6

A) Staying near cover: predators and prey ignore each other outside prey’s defensive distance
B) Building a barricade
C) Warning (aposematic) coloration
D) mimicry (Batesian, Mullerian)
E) bodyguards
F) advertise unprofitability (i.e. stotting)

Question 7

Batesian mimicry

Answer 7

When an edible species resembles a distasteful or dangerous one

owl can make a noise like a rattlesnake. fly that can make jumping like a spider

Question 8

aposematic

Answer 8

warning coloration often used by noxious organisms to signal their unpalatability to potential predators

Question 9

mullerian mimicry

Answer 9

two or more distasteful or dangerous species resemble each other

Question 10

signal deception hypothesis

Answer 10

when a prey’s appearance or behavior activates escape behavior on the part of the predator

Question 11

antiambush hypothesis

Answer 11

gazelles stot to look for other predators that may be laying in wait

Question 12

Making Capture more Costly

Answer 12

• scare tactics (false eye spots, etc.)
• group formation
• speed

Question 13

Making Consumption less likely

Answer 13

• fighting back

Question 14

group defense
vs
individual defense

Answer 14

often involves chemical defenses like poison, stings, sprays/secretions (i.e. skunk)

Question 15

misdirecting attack

Answer 15

disguising the head with eye spots, posture, false heads may allow time for escape.

attract competing predators (rabbits scream) to cause conflict

Question 16

becoming immobile

Answer 16

• death feigning

- freezing