ch 14 part 2

Question 1

ovulatory shift hypothesis

Answer 1

women experience elevated sexual attraction to men with characteristics that reflect male genetic quality when the women are most fertile

Question 2

offspring of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) dissimilar couples should be (heterozygous/homozygous) and have (better/worse) immune systems.

Answer 2

heterozygous; better

women prefer the smell of men with dissimilar MHC genes

Question 3

For women in joint-families, in which males stay at home an the females disperse leaving a group of unrelated females to cohabit, the effects of simultaneous reproduction among them led to?

Answer 3

an increased risk of 25% for offspring mortality if the women reproduced within 2 years of one another

Question 4

acquisition of several wives was culturally sanctioned by what percentage of preindustrial societies?

Answer 4

80%; only 12% of married men actually have more than one wife

Question 5

potential fitness consequences of polygamy

Answer 5

diversion of resources to others

Question 6

polygamy was/wasn’t advantageous to women in mormon communities in that past

Answer 6

wasn’t

for a poor mormon male with one wife the avg # of children was 6.9, for a rich mormon male with more than one wife the avg # of children was 5.5

for each added wife, the average reproductive success of each wife went down by about one child on average

Question 7

what percentage of married individuals in the u.s. partakes in infidelity?

Answer 7

20-50%

Question 8

men in traditional society are more/less likely to have extra pair copulations the more children they have to care for

Answer 8

less likely

Question 9

mate switching hypothesis

Answer 9

women may exchange a low-ranking partner for a superior one if it has positive effects on their reproduction or survival

Question 10

a woman’s sexual jealousy should focus on? and a man’s sexual jealousy should focus on?

Answer 10

women’s should focus on the loss of a provider; men’s should focus on potential loss of paternity and misdirected parental investment

Question 11

coercive sex occurs in what proportion of cultures?

Answer 11

all of them

Question 12

intimidation hypothesis

Answer 12

rape allows men to intimidate and control women

Question 13

alternative mating hypothesis

Answer 13

rape is an alternative male mating tactic for securing reproductive success

Question 14

by-product hypothesis

Answer 14

rape is a maladaptive by-product of the male sexual psyche

Question 15

the evolutionary approach to human behavior provides a _______ approach

Answer 15

predictive

Question 16

thrifty gene hypothesis

Answer 16

ancestrally, individuals carrying genes that promoted efficient storage of energy as fat would have been at a selective advantage during times of food scarcity, but today such genes may make obesity more likely and thus are maladaptive

Question 17

indirect selection hypothesis

Answer 17

obesity is maladapative but favored today as a by-product of selection on some other trait

Question 18

drifty gene hypothesis

Answer 18

mutations in the genes that predispose humans to obesity are neural and have drifted over evolutionary time

Question 19

one in _____ adults is obese and one in ______ children is

Answer 19

three; six

Question 20

what hypothesis provides the greatest support for explaining the evolution of obesity?

Answer 20

the drifty gene hypothesis

Question 21

autism effects one in ______ children

Answer 21

1 in 45