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NURS105 > Chapter 40 > Flashcards

Chapter 40 Flashcards

Common Health Problems

1
Q

cancer

A

growth / division of cells are out of control

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2
Q

benign tumor

A

tumor does not spread

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3
Q

malignant tumor

A

cancer that spreads to rest of body and destroy healthy tissue

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4
Q

metastasis

A

spread of cancer to other body part

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5
Q

radiation therapy

A

kills cancer cells w/ beam of radiation
- all cells are affected

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6
Q

chemotherapy

A

drugs that kill cancer cells
- all cells are affected

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7
Q

arthritis

A

joint inflammation
- swelling / stiffness of joint
- reduced ROM

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8
Q

osteoarthritis

A

cartilage at joints wear away
- bones rib against each other

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9
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disorder
- attacks lining of joints

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10
Q

osteoporosis

A

bones become porous / brittle
- more prone to breakage

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11
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical replacement of a joint

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12
Q

open fracture

A

broken bone that breaks skin

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13
Q

closed fracture

A

broken bone but skin is intact

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14
Q

stroke

A
  • blood vessel bursts and bleeds into brain (cerebral hemorrhage)
  • blood flow to brain stops due to blood clot in blood vessel
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15
Q

transient ischemic attack

A

stroke signs / symptoms only last a few minutes

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16
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on 1 side of body

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17
Q

parkinson’s disease

A

progressive disorder where nerve cells do not produce enough dopamine
- affects movement
- no cure

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18
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

myelin sheaths in brain / spinal cord are destroyed
- functions lost / impaired
- onset age 20-40
- more prone to white / women / family history
- no cure

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19
Q

remission

A

when symptoms seem to go away

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20
Q

relapse

A

symptoms flare up / come back

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21
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

lou gehrig’s disease; nerve cells stop sending msgs for voluntary movement
- onset age 55-75
- die 3-5 years after onset
- atrophy of all muscles
- no cure

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22
Q

spinal cord injuries

A

caused by sudden / traumatic blows to spinal cord
- problems depend on severity / location on spine
- often lead to paralysis / loss of sensation / function

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23
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis in lower trunk / legs
- caused by lumbar / thoracic injuries

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24
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis in arms, trunk, legs
- caused by cervical injuries

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25
traumatic brain injury (TBI)
violet injuries to brain - spinal / permanent injuries likely - disabilities depend on severity / location of injury
26
stupor
unresponsive but can be aroused by strong stimuli
27
coma
unconscious; cannot respond
28
vegetative state
unconscious and unaware of surrounding - sleep / wake cycles - open eyes / move / make sound
29
brain death
complete brain loss despite heart beating - reflex, movement, respirations absent
30
hypertension
high blood pressure - systolic ≥ 140 mm Hg - diastolic ≥ 90 mm Hg
31
coronary artery disease (CAD)
coronary arteries of heart become hardened / narrow - mainly caused by atherosclerosis
32
atherosclerosis
plaque build up within artery walls
33
angina
chest pain due to reduced blood flow to heart (myocardium)
34
myocardial infarction
heart attack; part of heart dies due to block of blood flow in coronary artery - emergency.
35
congestive heart (CHF)
when weakened heart cannot pump - blood back up
36
heart failure on left side of heart
left side cannot pump - blood backs up in lungs - respiratory congestion occurs
37
heart failure on right side of heart
right side cannot pump - blood backs up in vwins - edema occurs
38
heart failure on both sides of heart
body doesn't get enough oxygen - signs / symptoms occur from no blood on other organs
39
pulmonary edema
fluid in the lungs
40
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)
block of airflow; gradual loss of lung function - due to smoking / second-hand smoking - usually include emphysema and chronic bronchitis - no cure
41
emphysema
alveoli of lungs are damaged - cannnot exchange CO2 / O2
42
chronic bronchitis
bronchus are narrowed due to inflammation / mucus - smoker's cough
43
asthma
airway becomes inflamed / narrow - extra mucus - due to allergies
44
influenza
respiratory infection caused by virus - often cause pneumonia
45
pneumonia
inflammation / infection of lung tissue - affected tissue fill w/ fluid
46
tuberculosis (TB)
bacterial infection in lungs - extremely infection (airborne) - last ≥ 3 weeks
47
latent TB
TB present in body but no signs / symptoms - can become active after years
48
active TB
can spread / cause infections
49
vomitus (emesis)
food / fluid expelled via mouth - signals illness / injury - lead to aspiration / shock (blood loss)
50
diverticular disease
small pockets develop in colon - pouches can become inflamed / infected
51
diverticulum
pouch caused by diverticular disease
52
diverticulosis
condition of having diverticular disease
53
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
chronic inflammation of GI tract - onset before 30 years - chance increase w/ family history / smoking - increase chances of having colon cancer
54
crohn's disease
inflammation usually affecting small intestine / beginning of large intestine - any part of GI tract / anus can be affected
55
ulcerative colitis
lining of large intestine / rectum inflamed / has ulcers
56
hepatitis
inflammation of liver caused by virus
57
hepatitis A
spread by contact be infected feces - hep A vaccine
58
hepatitis B
spread by contact w/ infected blood / bodily fluids - hep B vaccine
59
hepatitis C
spread by contact w/ infected blood - may be asymptomatic - no vaccine
60
hepatitis D
spread by contact w/ infected blood / bodily fluids - only infects ppl w/ hep B - hep B vaccine
61
hepatitis E
spread by drinking water w/ contaminated feces / eating raw pork, venison, wild boar, shellfish - different types - not common in developed countries
62
cirrhosis
liver condition due to chronic liver damage - scarred tissue block blood flow / function - caused by chronic alcohol abuse, hep B / C, excess fat in liver
63
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of any part of urinary tract (usually lower part; bladder / urethra) - treated w/ antibiotics
64
cystitis UTI
bladder infection
65
pyelonephritis UTI
kidney infection
66
benign prostatic hypertrophy
prostate enlargement - surrounds urethra - common in older men (grows w/ man's age)
67
treatments BPH
- drugs if mild - surgery to widen urethra - transurethral resection of prostate (TURP); remove prostate tissue
68
kidney stones (renal calculi)
rough pebble-like stones that develop in 1 / both kidneys - painful while peeing - needs to drink 2000-3000mL to flush stones

NURS105 (43 decks)

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