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NURS105 > Chapter 40 > Flashcards

Chapter 40 Flashcards

Common Health Problems

1
Q

cancer

A

growth / division of cells are out of control

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2
Q

benign tumor

A

tumor does not spread

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3
Q

malignant tumor

A

cancer that spreads to rest of body and destroy healthy tissue

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4
Q

metastasis

A

spread of cancer to other body part

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5
Q

radiation therapy

A

kills cancer cells w/ beam of radiation
- all cells are affected

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6
Q

chemotherapy

A

drugs that kill cancer cells
- all cells are affected

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7
Q

arthritis

A

joint inflammation
- swelling / stiffness of joint
- reduced ROM

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8
Q

osteoarthritis

A

cartilage at joints wear away
- bones rib against each other

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9
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disorder
- attacks lining of joints

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10
Q

osteoporosis

A

bones become porous / brittle
- more prone to breakage

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11
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical replacement of a joint

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12
Q

open fracture

A

broken bone that breaks skin

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13
Q

closed fracture

A

broken bone but skin is intact

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14
Q

stroke

A
  • blood vessel bursts and bleeds into brain (cerebral hemorrhage)
  • blood flow to brain stops due to blood clot in blood vessel
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15
Q

transient ischemic attack

A

stroke signs / symptoms only last a few minutes

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16
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on 1 side of body

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17
Q

parkinson’s disease

A

progressive disorder where nerve cells do not produce enough dopamine
- affects movement
- no cure

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18
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

myelin sheaths in brain / spinal cord are destroyed
- functions lost / impaired
- onset age 20-40
- more prone to white / women / family history
- no cure

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19
Q

remission

A

when symptoms seem to go away

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20
Q

relapse

A

symptoms flare up / come back

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21
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

lou gehrig’s disease; nerve cells stop sending msgs for voluntary movement
- onset age 55-75
- die 3-5 years after onset
- atrophy of all muscles
- no cure

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22
Q

spinal cord injuries

A

caused by sudden / traumatic blows to spinal cord
- problems depend on severity / location on spine
- often lead to paralysis / loss of sensation / function

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23
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis in lower trunk / legs
- caused by lumbar / thoracic injuries

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24
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis in arms, trunk, legs
- caused by cervical injuries

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25
Q

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

A

violet injuries to brain
- spinal / permanent injuries likely
- disabilities depend on severity / location of injury

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26
Q

stupor

A

unresponsive but can be aroused by strong stimuli

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27
Q

coma

A

unconscious; cannot respond

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28
Q

vegetative state

A

unconscious and unaware of surrounding
- sleep / wake cycles
- open eyes / move / make sound

29
Q

brain death

A

complete brain loss despite heart beating
- reflex, movement, respirations absent

30
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure
- systolic ≥ 140 mm Hg
- diastolic ≥ 90 mm Hg

31
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

coronary arteries of heart become hardened / narrow
- mainly caused by atherosclerosis

32
Q

atherosclerosis

A

plaque build up within artery walls

33
Q

angina

A

chest pain due to reduced blood flow to heart (myocardium)

34
Q

myocardial infarction

A

heart attack; part of heart dies due to block of blood flow in coronary artery
- emergency.

35
Q

congestive heart (CHF)

A

when weakened heart cannot pump
- blood back up

36
Q

heart failure on left side of heart

A

left side cannot pump
- blood backs up in lungs
- respiratory congestion occurs

37
Q

heart failure on right side of heart

A

right side cannot pump
- blood backs up in vwins
- edema occurs

38
Q

heart failure on both sides of heart

A

body doesn’t get enough oxygen
- signs / symptoms occur from no blood on other organs

39
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid in the lungs

40
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)

A

block of airflow; gradual loss of lung function
- due to smoking / second-hand smoking
- usually include emphysema and chronic bronchitis
- no cure

41
Q

emphysema

A

alveoli of lungs are damaged
- cannnot exchange CO2 / O2

42
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

bronchus are narrowed due to inflammation / mucus
- smoker’s cough

43
Q

asthma

A

airway becomes inflamed / narrow
- extra mucus
- due to allergies

44
Q

influenza

A

respiratory infection caused by virus
- often cause pneumonia

45
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation / infection of lung tissue
- affected tissue fill w/ fluid

46
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

bacterial infection in lungs
- extremely infection (airborne)
- last ≥ 3 weeks

47
Q

latent TB

A

TB present in body but no signs / symptoms
- can become active after years

48
Q

active TB

A

can spread / cause infections

49
Q

vomitus (emesis)

A

food / fluid expelled via mouth
- signals illness / injury
- lead to aspiration / shock (blood loss)

50
Q

diverticular disease

A

small pockets develop in colon
- pouches can become inflamed / infected

51
Q

diverticulum

A

pouch caused by diverticular disease

52
Q

diverticulosis

A

condition of having diverticular disease

53
Q

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

chronic inflammation of GI tract
- onset before 30 years
- chance increase w/ family history / smoking
- increase chances of having colon cancer

54
Q

crohn’s disease

A

inflammation usually affecting small intestine / beginning of large intestine
- any part of GI tract / anus can be affected

55
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

lining of large intestine / rectum inflamed / has ulcers

56
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of liver caused by virus

57
Q

hepatitis A

A

spread by contact be infected feces
- hep A vaccine

58
Q

hepatitis B

A

spread by contact w/ infected blood / bodily fluids
- hep B vaccine

59
Q

hepatitis C

A

spread by contact w/ infected blood
- may be asymptomatic
- no vaccine

60
Q

hepatitis D

A

spread by contact w/ infected blood / bodily fluids
- only infects ppl w/ hep B
- hep B vaccine

61
Q

hepatitis E

A

spread by drinking water w/ contaminated feces / eating raw pork, venison, wild boar, shellfish
- different types
- not common in developed countries

62
Q

cirrhosis

A

liver condition due to chronic liver damage
- scarred tissue block blood flow / function
- caused by chronic alcohol abuse, hep B / C, excess fat in liver

63
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

infection of any part of urinary tract (usually lower part; bladder / urethra)
- treated w/ antibiotics

64
Q

cystitis UTI

A

bladder infection

65
Q

pyelonephritis UTI

A

kidney infection

66
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

prostate enlargement
- surrounds urethra
- common in older men (grows w/ man’s age)

67
Q

treatments BPH

A
  • drugs if mild
  • surgery to widen urethra
  • transurethral resection of prostate (TURP); remove prostate tissue
68
Q

kidney stones (renal calculi)

A

rough pebble-like stones that develop in 1 / both kidneys
- painful while peeing
- needs to drink 2000-3000mL to flush stones

NURS105 (43 decks)

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