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NURS105 > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

Meeting Nutrition Needs

1
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite

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2
Q

aspiration

A

breathing foreign body (food / liquid, etc.) into lungs

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3
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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4
Q

enteral nutrition

A

inserting tube through mouth into the GI to give nutrients; feeding tube

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5
Q

gavage

A

process of giving feeding tube

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6
Q

regurgitation

A

backward flow of stomach content into mouth

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7
Q

what affects general dietary practices (eating and nutrition habits) ?

A
  • start in childhood
  • culture
  • religion
  • food preferences
  • income
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8
Q

what can affect appetite / bodily reactions to food ?

A
  • illness
  • food allergies / intolerance
  • anxiety
  • pain
  • depression
    etc.
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9
Q

what will you do if person uses adaptive devices ?

A

make sure they have device

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10
Q

what aspects of mouth affect chewing ?

A

mouth, teeth, gum condition
- oral pain
- sores
- gum disease
- dental / denture problems

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11
Q

what must you do when feeding person w/ dysphagia ?

A
  • know signs / symptoms of dysphagia
  • follow ordered diet / care plan
  • know aspiration precautions
  • report changes in way of eating
  • report signs / symptoms of dysphagia at once
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12
Q

sign / symptoms of dysphagia ?

A
  • avoiding foods that need chewing / certain temps / textures
  • eats slowly
  • often coughs chokes during / after swallowing
  • food often spills out of mouth
  • food pockets kept in mouth
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13
Q

special diets for dysphagia ?

A
  • mechanical soft; soft / moist / chopped foods
  • pureed; smooth uniform texture but hold shape
  • liquids are thickened as needed (nectar-thick, honey-thick, pudding-thick)
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14
Q

nectar-thick liquids

A

mildly thick
- drips off of spoon
- can be drank through straw

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15
Q

honey-thick liquids

A

moderately thick
- slowly drips off spoon like honey
- can be drank out of cup

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16
Q

pudding / spoon-thick liquids

A

extremely thick
- liquid keeps form on spoon and does not drip
- serve w/ spoon

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17
Q

aspiration precautions to take ?

A
  • help person eat; follow care plan
  • position upright (fowlers / high fowlers)
  • remain upright about 1 hours after eating
  • support upper back, shoulders, neck w/ pillows
  • check inside mouth for pockets of food and remove if any
  • mouth care after eating
18
Q

CMS requirements for food served in nursing centers ?

A
  • nutrition is met
  • religious / cultural / preferences are met
  • diet is balanced
  • well-seasoned / appetizing
  • served at correct temp (hot at hot, cold at cold)
  • other food offered if food is refused
  • provide 3 meals a day and bedtime snack
  • provides adaptive equipment / utensils
19
Q

social dining program in a nursing home

A

table sits 4-6 persons
- set daily menu items
- served like restaurant

20
Q

low-stimulation dining program in nursing home

A

seating is chosen by staff
- distractions are prevented

21
Q

restaurant-style menu dining program in nursing home

A

food selected from menu for more choices
- served like restaurant

22
Q

open dining program in nursing home

A

buffet open for several hours
- available to eat any time

23
Q

how to promote comfort for eating ?

A
  • provide oral hygiene; dentures are in place
  • eyeglasses / hearing aids in place
  • assist w/ elimination
  • incontinent persons clean / dry
  • person in comfortable / upright position
  • reduce / remove unpleasant odors / visuals / sounds
  • assist person w/ hand hygiene
24
Q

what should person do before eating ?

A
  • eliminate
  • oral hygiene
  • hand hygiene
25
Q

what should you do if food is not served within 15 min ?

A

ensure temp is still good
- if not correct temp, get fresh food

26
Q

how should meals be served ?

A

assigned order of food by care plan

27
Q

when are snacks served ?

A

upon arrival to nurse unit

28
Q

info you need to serve meal trays ?

A
  • food allergies / intolerances
  • adaptive equipment needed
  • if person needs help w/ certain skills (cutting food, opening bottles, etc.)
  • if food / fluid intake are measured
29
Q

how to remove food pockets from mouth ?

A

persons chin tipped downward and sponge swabs are used to remove food

30
Q

how to ensure meal is correct for the person ?

A
  • check items w/ dietary card
  • 2 identifiers from ID band (full name / DOB)
31
Q

how should you feed person ?

A
  • sit facing person
  • ensure person’s hands are watched before / after meal
  • order of food that they prefer
  • 1/3 full spoonful (smaller person if care plan says)
  • encourage all they can do on their own safely (hold their own drinks if they can; never hot drinks)
  • offer fluids often to ensure mouth has no food before offering more
  • follow activity limits
  • allow time to chew / swallow /talk
32
Q

how will you describe position of food to visually impaired person ?

A

use numbers of a clock to describe plate positions

33
Q

how to feed persons w/ dementia ?

A
  • meal times / settings consistent
  • calm / quiet setting
  • limit food choices
  • snacks where person can see them
  • small meals throughout the day
34
Q

nasogastric (NG) tube

A

feeding tube inserted through nose into the stomach

35
Q

gastronomy tube

A

feeding tube inserted through stomy in stomach

36
Q

risks of enteral feeding tubes ?

A
  • diarrhea
  • constipation
  • delayed stomach emptying
  • aspiration
37
Q

when can aspiration from enteral feeding tubes happen ?

A
  • during insertion; tube can slip into the airway (x-ray taken after insertion)
  • tube moving out of place; sudden movements / poor positions
  • regurgitation; delayed stomach emptying / overfeeding
    RN always checks tube placement; never CNA
38
Q

how to prevent regurgitation / aspiration of enteral feeding tubes ?

A
  • fowlers / semi fowlers during feeding and at least an hour after feeding
  • avoid left side lying; prevents stomach emptying into small intestine
39
Q

care measures for enteral feeding tubes ?

A

every 2 hours:
- oral hygiene / mouth rinse
- lip care

40
Q

how to prevent irritation / pressure of enteral feeding tubes on the nose ?

A
  • clean nose / nostril every 4-8 hours
  • secure tube to nose w/ tube / tape holder; avoid re-taping
  • secure to person garment at shoulder area
41
Q

how to secure enteral feeding tube to person’s garment

A

it is placed to the side to one of the soldiers
- tape to garment
- rubber band around tube is used to pin to garment

NURS105 (43 decks)

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