Chapter 27

Question 1

colostomy

Answer 1

surgically created opening (stomy) between colon and body’s surface

Question 2

constipation

Answer 2

passage of hard, dry stool

Question 3

defacation

Answer 3

excreting feces; BM

Question 4

dehydration

Answer 4

decrease in amount of body water

Question 5

diarrhea

Answer 5

frequent passage of liquid stool

Question 6

enema

Answer 6

introduction of fluid into rectum / lower colon

Question 7

fecal impaction

Answer 7

prolonged retention / build up of feces in rectum

Question 8

fecal incontinence

Answer 8

inability to control passage of feces / flatus through anus

Question 9

feces

Answer 9

semi-sold waste excreted through anus; stool

Question 10

flatulence

Answer 10

excess formation of gas / air in stomach / intestines

Question 11

flatus

Answer 11

passing of gas through anus

Question 12

ileostomy

Answer 12

surgically created opening (stomy) between ileum (small intestine) and body surface; colon is removed

Question 13

melena

Answer 13

black / tarry stool

Question 14

ostomy

Answer 14

surgically created opening (stomy) between internal organ and body surface

Question 15

stoma

Answer 15

stomy; surgically created opening on body surface

Question 16

suppository

Answer 16

cone-shaped solid drug inserted into body opening; melts at body temp.

Question 17

waste is excreted from what body system ?

Answer 17

gastro-intestinal (GI) system

Question 18

normal bowel elimination time / frequency ?

Answer 18

frequency / time of day varies from person to person

Question 19

what observations should you be looking for in stool ?

Answer 19

• color
• amount
• presence of mucus
• signs of bleeding
• odor
• shape / consistency
• time of BM
• number / frequency of BMs
• pain / discomfort complaints

Question 20

factors affecting BM ?

Answer 20

• privacy
• habits
• diet
• fluids
• activity
• drugs
• disability
• aging

Question 21

common causes of constipation ?

Answer 21

• low-fiber diet
• decreased fluid intake
• inactivity
• drugs
• aging
• certain diseases

Question 22

supplies that could help relieve constipation ?

Answer 22

• stool softeners
• laxatives
• suppositories
• enemas

Question 23

when leaving the room how often should you check on someone having BM ?

Answer 23

every 5min

Question 24

signs / symptoms of fecal impaction

Answer 24

• multiple unsuccessful BM
• abdominal discomfort / distention (swelling)
• nausea / cramping- rectal pain
• poor appetite
• confusion
• fever

Question 25

what is c. difficile ?

Answer 25

clostridioides difficile; microbe that causes diarrhea / intestinal infectionss

Question 26

signs and symptoms c. difficile ?

Answer 26

- watery diarrhea - fever - loss of appetite - nausea - abdominal pain / tenderness

Question 27

where is c. difficile found and how is it spread ?

Answer 27

found in feces; spreads through contact (highly spreadable)

Question 28

causes of flatulence ?

Answer 28

- swallowing air - bacterial action in intestine - constipation - certain foods - bowel / abdominal surgeries - drugs decreasing peristalsis - certain digestive disorders

Question 29

how to help expel flatus ?

Answer 29

essentially any movement; especially side-lying - enemas - drugs

Question 30

two goals of bowel training ?

Answer 30

- gain control of BM - develop regular pattern of elimination

Question 31

most common time for BM ?

Answer 31

after meals, mainly breakfast - due to stimulating peristalsis

Question 32

peristalsis

Answer 32

automatic constriction / relaxation of muscles to move foreign bodies; wave-like movements

Question 33

when will a BM occur after inserting a rectal suppository ?

Answer 33

around 30min later

Question 34

why are enemas ordered ?

Answer 34

- expel feces - relieve constipation / impaction / flatulence - clean bowel before certain procedures

Question 35

tap water enema

Answer 35

only tap water

Question 36

saline enema

Answer 36

1-2 t of table salt w/ 500-1000 ML tap water

Question 37

soapsuds enema (SSE)

Answer 37

3-5 mL castile soap w/ 500-1000mL tap water

Question 38

small - volume enema

Answer 38

solution already bottled ready to give

Question 39

oil - retention enema

Answer 39

oil to soften feces / lube rectum

Question 40

how long should enemas be retained in rectum for ?

Answer 40

as long as possible - small - volume = usually 1 - 5 min to work - oil - retention = at least 30 min.

Question 41

which enemas are for cleansing ?

Answer 41

- tap water - saline - soapsuds

Question 42

how are cleansing enemas used ?

Answer 42

"enemas until clear" - given until solution is clear / free of stool (2 - 3 times)

Question 43

what are small - volume enemas used for ?

Answer 43

irritate rectum to cause BM

Question 44

how are small - volume enemas used ?

Answer 44

- person voids first / is side - lying - given at room temp - tip inserted around 2in into rectum - squeeze / roll up bottle from bottom - do not release pressure on bottle

Question 45

what are oil - retention enemas used for ?

Answer 45

softens feces / lube rectum so BM passes easier

Question 46

how are oil - retention enemas used ?

Answer 46

- person voids first / is side - lying - given at room temp - tip inserted around 2in into rectum - squeeze / roll up bottle from bottom - do not release pressure on bottle

Question 47

how does BM look for person w/ ileostomy ?

Answer 47

liquid stool; no colon to absorb water

Question 48

ostomy pouches

Answer 48

pouch worn over stoma to collect stool / flatulence - well - fitting - stool must not touch skin

Question 49

when are ostomy pouches changed?

Answer 49

- every 2 - 7 days - when it leaks - 1 - 2 hours before bath / shower

Question 50

how does BM look for person w/ colostomy ?

Answer 50

depends on the site of disease / injury; liquid to formed - more of the colon remaining = more solid stool

Question 51

what is double barrel colostomy ?

Answer 51

2 stomas; usually temporary - one for excretion - other for drugs to let bowel heal

Question 52

when are ostomy pouches emptied ?

Answer 52

around 1/3 - 1/2 full - usually 2 - 6 times a day

Question 53

how are ostomy pouches emptied ?

Answer 53

into toilet paper lined toilet to avoid splashing - clean outlet w/ paper towel / wipe after - closed w/ clip / clamp / other closure