Chapter 16

Question 1

base of support

Answer 1

area where object rests

Question 2

body alignment

Answer 2

way head, trunk, arms, legs align with one another; posture

Question 3

body mechanics

Answer 3

using body in efficient / careful way

Question 4

dorsal recumbent position (supine)

Answer 4

back lying

Question 5

ergonomics

Answer 5

designing a job to fit the worker

Question 6

fowler’s position

Answer 6

semi-sitting position; bed raised to 45-60°

Question 7

high-fowlers position

Answer 7

high-sitting position; bed raised 60-90°

Question 8

lateral (side-lying) position

Answer 8

side-lying; lies on one side or the other

Question 9

left semi-prone position

Answer 9

lies on left side; lower left leg is straight, upper right leg is bent, lower left arm is behind body and straight, upper right arm is bent next to pillow

Question 10

musculoskeletal disorders (MSD)

Answer 10

injuries disorders of the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage

Question 11

posture

Answer 11

proper (straight) body alignment

Question 12

prone position

Answer 12

lying on abdomen with head turned to one side

Question 13

semi-fowlers position

Answer 13

low-sitting position; bed raised to 30°

Question 14

good body mechanics ?

Answer 14

• avoid bending / reaching / twisting
• fully turn body
• bend knees and squat
• holding items close to body
• pull with rear leg
• push / slide / pull vs lifting heavy things
• do not lift higher than chest

Question 15

sprain

Answer 15

stretched / torn ligament

Question 16

strain

Answer 16

stretched / torn muscle / tendon

Question 17

when can MSD develop ?

Answer 17

develop slowly or extremely quick onset

Question 18

signs of a back injury ?

Answer 18

1) pain when assuming normal posture
2) decreased mobility
3) pain when standing / rising

Question 19

how often should person be repositioned ?

Answer 19

at least every 2 hours

Question 20

contracture

Answer 20

lack of joint mobility because of abnormal muscle shortening

Question 21

proper fowlers position

Answer 21

• spine is straight
• head supported with small pillow
• arms supported with pillows
  small pillows under thighs, ankles, back as needed

Question 22

persons with heart and respiratory disorder breathe easier in what position ?

Answer 22

fowlers position

Question 23

proper supine position

Answer 23

• bed is flat
• head and shoulders supported by pillow
• arms and hands at side
  small pillow under lower back/ legs, thighs as needed

Question 24

proper prone position

Answer 24

• bed is flat
• small pillow under head, abdomen and lower legs
• arms flexed at elbow resting near head
  pillow not needed for feet, can have them hanging off end of bed

Question 25

proper left semi-prone position

Answer 25

• bed is flat
• pillow under person’s head and shoulders
• upper (right) leg bent and supported with pillow
• pillow under upper right arm and hand

Question 26

proper lateral position

Answer 26

• bed is flat
• pillow under head and neck
• top leg bent in front of bottom leg
• top leg and ankle supported with pillow
• pillow against persons back; back at 45°
• small pillow under top arm and hand

Question 27

proper chair position

Answer 27

• butt and back against back of chair
• feet are flat
• knees and calves slightly away from edge of seat
  small pillow behind lower back as needed

Question 28

when is a pillow not used for the lower back for persons in a chair ?

Answer 28

when restraints are being used