Chapter 37

Question 1

how long until you are dead w/o oxygen ?

Answer 1

5 min

Question 2

respiration is affected if what functions are affected ?

Answer 2

• air moving in / out of lungs
• exchanging O2 / CO2 between alveoli / capillaries
• blood carries O2 to cells / CO2 out of cells

Question 3

hypoxia

Answer 3

not enough oxygen

Question 4

hypoxia can lead to ?

Answer 4

• restlessness
• dizziness
• disorientation

Question 5

cyanosis

Answer 5

bluish discoloration of skin

Question 6

normal respiration rate

Answer 6

12-20 breathes per min

Question 7

tachypnea

Answer 7

rapid breathing; more than 20 breaths per min

Question 8

bradypnea

Answer 8

slow breathing; less than 12 breaths per min

Question 9

apnea

Answer 9

absence of breathing

Question 10

dyspnea

Answer 10

painful / labored breathing

Question 11

cheyne-strokes respirations

Answer 11

respirations increase in rate / depth then shallow and then apnea for 10-20sec

Question 12

kussmaul respirations

Answer 12

extreme deep / rapid despiration

Question 13

pulse oximetry

Answer 13

pulse ox, O2 saturation, SpO2
- measure oxygen concentration in blood (%)

Question 14

normal pulse ox range ?

Answer 14

95-100%

Question 15

where can you attach pulse ox sensor ?

Answer 15

• finger
• toe
• earlobe
• forehead

Question 16

what should you avoid when attaching pulse ox sensor ?

Answer 16

• bright lights
• nail polish
• movements that can affect measurement
• swollen / broken skin

Question 17

if measuring BP on one arm, what site should pulse ox be taken ?

Answer 17

on the other arm

Question 18

orthopneic position

Answer 18

sitting up / leaning over table to breathe

Question 19

when should deep-breathing / coughing exercises be done to avoid mucus build up ?

Answer 19

every 1-2 hours
- after surgery / injury
- during bed rest

Question 20

deep breathing exercise procedure

Answer 20

1) persons hands on top of each other over rib cage
2) deep inhale through nose and hold 2-3 sec
3) exhale slowly through pursed lips until rib is as low down as possible
repeat around 4 times

Question 21

coughing exercise procedure for non-productive cough (no mucus / phlegm)

Answer 21

1) persons hands on top of each other over rib cage / on pillow over ribcage
2) deep inhale through nose
3) cough strongly twice w/ mouth open

Question 22

coughing exercise procedure for productive cough (mucus / phlegm)

Answer 22

practice cough etiquette (cover nose / mouth while coughing)
1) you splint the chest / abdominal incision w/ hands / pillow while wearing gloves
2) deep inhale through nose
3) cough strongly twice w/ mouth open but covered

Question 23

hypoxemia

Answer 23

O2 in blood is less than normal

Question 24

oxygen is what for person ?

Answer 24

technically a drug
- requires dr. order
- you DO NOT give oxygen; nurse does

Question 25

oxygen sources ?

Answer 25

- wall outlet - oxygen tank - liquid oxygen system - oxygen concentrator

Question 26

wall outlet oxygen source

Answer 26

plugged into the wall - O2 piped into unit

Question 27

oxygen tank oxygen source

Answer 27

portable oxygen tank for emergency / transfers' - gauge tells how much O2 left in tank (psi)

Question 28

liquid oxygen system oxygen source

Answer 28

portable unit filled up - lasts 8-20 hours depending on storage - extremely cold; can freeze skin - dials shows amount O2 in unit

Question 29

oxygen concentrator oxygen source

Answer 29

machine removes O2 from the air

Question 30

devices that deliver oxygen to person ?

Answer 30

- nasal cannula - simple face mask - non-rebreather mask

Question 31

nasal cannula

Answer 31

tube w/ prongs that shallow stay in nostrils - allows for eating - can irritate / put pressure on ears, cheekbones, nostrils

Question 32

simple face mask

Answer 32

mask strapped around head that covers nose / mouth

Question 33

non-rebreather mask

Answer 33

mask strapped around head w/ O2 reservoir bag attached to it - only reservoir O2 is inhaled - must not completely deflate while inhaling (suffocation) - only emergencies - person using is never left alone

Question 34

flow rate of oxygen

Answer 34

amount of oxygen given (L/min) - 1/2L - 15L flow rate depending on order

Question 35

when oxygen is in use, what should be told to the nurse at once ?

Answer 35

- flow rate too high / low - humidifier is not bubbling (dry oxygen --> drying mucous membranes)

Question 36

continuous positive airway-pressure

Answer 36

CPAP; for sleep apnea - air pressure forced through mask to keep airways open - same amount of pressure through mask for inhalation / exhalation

Question 37

bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)

Answer 37

like CPAP; for sleep apnea - more pressure though mask for inhalation - less pressure through mask for exhalation can be more comfortable