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Pathophysiology > Chapter 36 > Flashcards

Chapter 36 Flashcards

1
Q

The digestive system is responsible for

A

intake, digestion of food, absorption of nutrients and elimination of solid waste.

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2
Q

what are the functions of the digestive system

A
  • ingestion of food
  • storage and sythesis of vitmains
  • propulsion of food and wastes from the mouth to anus
  • secretion of mucus, water, enzymes and hormones
  • mechanical digestion of food particles
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3
Q

GI tract function

A
  • chemical digestion of food particles
  • absorption of digested food
  • elimination of waste products by defecation
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4
Q

the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients requires

A

intact and healthy gastrointestinal tract epithelial lining that can resist the effects of own digestive secretions. the presence of enzymes for the digestion and absorpiton of nutrients

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5
Q

the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients involves the movement of

A

materials through the gastrointestinal tract at a rate that facilitates absorption

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6
Q

List the components of the the upper part of the digestive tract

A

mouth, esophagus, and stomach

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7
Q

what is the function of the upper part of the digestive tract?

A

acts as an intake source and receptacle through which food passes and in which initial digestive processes take place

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8
Q

List the components of the middle portion of the digestive tract?

A

small intestine, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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9
Q

Where does most of the digestive and aborption take place?

A

in the small intestine

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10
Q

List the components of the lower segment of the digestive tract?

A

cecum, colon and rectum

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11
Q

What is the function of the lower segment of the digestive tract?

A

serves as a storage channel for the efficient elimination of waste

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12
Q

List the components of the fourth part of the digestive tract?

A

accesory organs- the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas

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13
Q

what is the function of the fourth part of the digestive tract?

A

produce digestive secretions that help dismantly foods and regulate the use and storage of nutrients

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14
Q

What structures are involved in swallowing?

A

esophagus, peristaslsis, upper esophageal sphincter, lower esophageal sphincter

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15
Q

the functions of the stomach

A

reservoir and mixer. start digestion of protein, nucleic acids and fats. activates some enzymes. destory some bacteria-acid. makes intrinsic factor (B12 absorption)

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16
Q

What are the phases of digestion?

A
  • ingestion
  • movement
  • digestion
  • absorption
  • further digestion
17
Q

where does digestion start?

A

with saliva

18
Q

______ cleans the mouth and contains the enzyme lysozyme, which has an antibacterial action.

A

Saliva

19
Q

mucus-secreting cells (prostoglandins) are the

A

protectors and lubricators

20
Q

parietal cells secrete:

A

HCl anf intrinsic factor

21
Q

G cells secrete

A

gastrin; stimulates HCl

22
Q

Chief cells secrete

A

release pepsinogen

23
Q

what are the two major gastrointestinal hormones

A

cholecystokinin and secretin

24
Q

stimulates contraction of the gall bladder. stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes. slows gastric emptying

A

cholecystokinin

25
Q

stimulates secretion of bicarbonate- containing solution by the pancreas and liver

A

secretin

26
Q

digestion is completed in

A

the small intestine

27
Q

what is digested and absorbed in the small intestine?

A

proteins, carbohydrates, fats, 80% ingested water, electrolytes

28
Q

what are the functions of the large intestine?

A

recieve fluid waste products and store until released from body. excess water absorbed. feces, stools. defecation or bowel movement.

29
Q

bile acid secretion, motility and antibody production keep bacterial numbers in the duodenum to a

A

minimum

30
Q

How would fat digestion be affected if bile levels decreased?

A

it would decrease

31
Q

absorption and digestion of carbohydrates

A
  • mouth: salivary amylase
  • duodenum: pancreatic amylase ( polysachharides –> disacchrides)
  • brush border enzymes: disacchrides –> monosacchrides.
  • monosachrides absorbed into blood
32
Q

absorption and digestion of fats

A
  • duodenum: bile (breaks down fat)
  • duodenum: pancreatic lipase (breaks fat/triglycerides into glycerol)
  • jejunum: packages fat as chylomicron, passed to the lymph or absorbed in the blood.
33
Q

absorption and digestion of proteins:

A
  • stomach: pepsinogen (breaks proteins into polypeptides)
  • duodenum: pancreatic tryspinogen (breaks proteins into polypeptides)
  • brush border enzymes: break polypeptides into 2-3 amino acids peptides and then those peptides are absorbed into the blood

Pathophysiology (25 decks)

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