chapter 31

Question 1

what are the primary functions of the gasses of respiration?

Answer 1

remove CO2 and to add additional O2

Question 2

hypoxemia results from

Answer 2

inadequate O2 in the air, disease of respiratory system, dysfunction of neurological system, alterations in circulatory system

Question 3

PaO2 60mmHg = 90%

Answer 3

mild hypoxemia

Question 4

what are some of the manifestations of hypoxemia?

Answer 4

metabolic acidosis, increase in heart, peripheral vasoconstriction, diaphoresis, increase in BP, slight impairment of mental performance

Question 5

chronic hypoxemia causes a increased production of what

Answer 5

rbc

Question 6

Hypercapnia means

Answer 6

increase in CO2

Question 7

what level of CO2 would indicate hypercapnia?

Answer 7

PCO2 >50mmHg

Question 8

hypercapnia may be due to _______________ or mismatching of _________________.

Answer 8

hypoventilation. ventilation and perfusion

Question 9

hypercapnia may not be

Answer 9

symptomatic

Question 10

Most people with hypoxia have elevated ____.

Answer 10

CO2

Question 11

involves movement of air into lungs

Answer 11

ventilation

Question 12

diffusion of O2 and CO2 is driven by

Answer 12

partial pressure of gases

Question 13

involves circulation of blood through pulmonary circulation

Answer 13

perfusion

Question 14

scar tissue replaces elasticity which makes it hard for the lungs to what?

Answer 14

expand

Question 15

what are some examples of obstructive airway disorders?

Answer 15

COPD and Asthma

Question 16

obstructive airway disorders are characterized by limited ____________ airflow

Answer 16

expiratory

Question 17

obstructive airway disorders are due to:

Answer 17

diameter of airway, changes in bronchial wall, injury to mucosal lining, excess respiratory tract secretions

Question 18

what are some possible airway obstructions?

Answer 18

mucus, bronchial spasm, fluid, destruction of lung tissue

Question 19

what are some common COPD symptoms?

Answer 19

cough, mucus/sputum, SOB, wheezing, chest tightness

Question 20

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that….

Answer 20

isn’t fully reversible.

Question 21

true or false: all asthmas are permenant

Answer 21

false

Question 22

chronic inflammatory disorder of airways.
may be related to interactions between genetics and environment.
wheezing and breathlessness

Answer 22

acute asthma

Question 23

in asthma, air has a hard time…

Answer 23

getting in and out

Question 24

primarily reversible. 
bronchial hyperactivity
vessel dilation
smooth muscle spasm
mucosal edema

Answer 24

bronchial asthma

Question 25

what are the major causes of COPD: emphysema

Answer 25

smoking and inherited

Question 26

COPD: emphysema is characterized by and results in

Answer 26

• loss of lung elasticity
• hyperinflation of lungs
• damage/collapse of alveoli

Question 27

COPD: chronic bronchitis is usually associated with

Answer 27

smoking and recurrent infections

Question 28

hypersecretion of mucus and hyperinflation of lungs

Answer 28

copd: chronic bronchitis

Question 29

3 things to know about restrictive lung disorders:

Answer 29

1. diminished lung capacity
2. results in scarring and increased collagen
3. no wheezing or airway obstruction

Question 30

where blood picks up O2 from alveoli and where CO2 removed from the blood through the alveoli on exhalation/expiration.

Answer 30

perfusion

Question 31

disorders of pulmonary circulation are

Answer 31

low pressure systems

Question 32

fat from the bone marrow after injury or fracture. thrombi from DVT.

Answer 32

pulmonary embolism

Question 33

pulmonary embolism cause

Answer 33

higher pressure

Question 34

primary pulmonary hypertension orginates in

Answer 34

pulmonary arteries

Question 35

right heart failure resulting from primary lung disease and long standing primary or secondary HTN. creates stress on right side of heart

Answer 35

cor pulmonale

Question 36

what occurs in asthma?

a. airway inflammation
b. bronchospasm
c. decreased ability to clear mucus
d. all of the above

Answer 36

d

Question 37

which chronic obstructive pulmonary disease primarily affects the alveoli?

Answer 37

emphysema