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Pathophysiology > Chapter 10: Mechanisms of Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Mechanisms of Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

any organism that harbors another organism

A

host

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2
Q

normal organisms that live on or in the body but do not cause disease (present throughout life)

A

microflora

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3
Q

refers to the intensity of the disease produced by pathogens, and it varies among different microbial species (disease-inducing potential)

A

virulence

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4
Q

means that microorganisms are multiplying in or on the host (do not see “infection:)

A

colonization

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5
Q

occurs when an infection results in a change from a state of health

A

disease

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6
Q

most commonly is used to refer to infectious organisms, capable of causing disease in a host (does not always cause disease, but usually does)

A

pathogen

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7
Q

free living organisms obtaining their growth from dead or decaying organic material from the environment

A

saprophytes

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8
Q

an interaction in which the microorganism and the host both derive benefits from the interaction

A

mutualism

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9
Q

an interaction in which colonizing bacteria acquire nutritional needs and shelter but the host body is not affected

A

commensalism

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10
Q

only the infecting organism benefits from the relationship

A

parasitic relationship

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11
Q

kinds of various agents:

A

viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites

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12
Q

true or false: viral infections are hard to get rid of and are hard to kill.

A

true

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13
Q

true or false: viral infections can reproduce their own cells.

A

false. viral infections can’t reproduce their own cells so they take over some in your body.

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14
Q

viral infections can’t reproduce their own cells so they take over some in your body, then —>

A

unravel DNA and make you make copies of them

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15
Q

gram positive bacteria are stained

A

purple by dye

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16
Q

gram negative bacteria are stained

A

reddish/pink

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17
Q

What will the classification of bacteria tell us?

A

know which antibiotics will work better

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18
Q

Many diabetic patient experience fungi (yeast and molds) why?

A

Fungi grows well in sugary conditions.

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19
Q

Fungi is found where?

A

on the surface of the skin

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20
Q

what are some reasons for contracting infectious diseases?

A
  • immune system fails
  • germs too numerous
  • germs too virulent (infectious)
  • immune system is compromised, damaged, or weakened
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21
Q

person to person transmission

A

direct contact

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22
Q

transmission transferred via nonliving object

A

indirect contact

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23
Q

types of transmission

A

direct, indirect, ingestion, vehicle, inhalation (airborne and droplet), nosocomial

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24
Q

what is nosocomial transmission?

A

infectious disease contracted while being in healthcare setting

25
Q

methods of entry –>

A

penetration of skin and penetration of mucous membranes

26
Q

what is the most common route of entry for infectious diseases?

A

mucous membranes

27
Q

What is the infectious process after entry?

A

colonization –> invasion —> multiplication –> spread

28
Q

What happens during colonization of the infectious process?

A

pathogens present, may infect others

29
Q

What happens during invasion of the infectious process?

A

attaches to host cells via adhesion molecules and receptors:cell injury, alteration in function or death

30
Q

What happens during the multiplication stage of the infectious process?

A

uses host nutrients/environment. when we become symptomatic. tissue damage

31
Q

what happens during the spread stage of the infectious process?

A

migration through tissue, circulatory, or lymph systems

32
Q

In what stage of the infectious process do we start see symptoms?

A

the multiplication stage

33
Q

What is essential for the host to fight off infectino?

A

protein

34
Q

What are the 5 stages of infectious disease?

A
  1. incubation
  2. prodrome
  3. acute
  4. convalescence
  5. resolution
35
Q

describe the incubation period:

A

time between entry of parasite and appearance of symptoms

36
Q

describe prodrome period:

A

accompanied by mild symptoms. initial appearance of symptoms vague, general symptoms.

37
Q

In what stage will you feel the worst and will your immune system be activated?

A

during the acute stage

38
Q

In what stage will sign and symptoms subside?

A

convalescence stage

39
Q

describe the resolution stage:

A

where you go back to normal/disease free

40
Q

combination of signs and symptoms that occur together and make you think of a particular disease or abnormal condition. Has to be multiple

A

syndrome

41
Q

after recovery, some diseases leave after-effects… what is this called

A

sequelae

42
Q

Your patient has previously had strep but is now recovered. She is now experiencing heart problems. What is this called?

A

sequelae

43
Q

virulence factors make an infection more likely to cause what?

A

disease or to make you sick

44
Q

tend to be gram negative bacterial toxins. makes you more and more sick. can lead to other issues

A

endotoxins

45
Q

during replication, bacteria make these toxins. they create death or dysfunction of cells

A

exotoxins

46
Q

help infectious organisms stick to the body. like a sticky frog

A

adhesion factors

47
Q

bacteria/virus comes in and helps bacteria or virus hide from immune system

A

colonization

48
Q

host becomes more ill as byproducts of damage

A

invasion factors and toxins

49
Q

what are some examples of virulence factors?

A

endotoxins, exotoxins, adhesion, colonization, invasion

50
Q

Your patient has an infection limited to a small area… what kind of infection can this be classified as?

A

localized infection

51
Q

agent has spread throughout whole body

A

systemic infection

52
Q

caused by infectious agents of their products circulating in blood. toxins and viruses in blood. these are life threatening

A

toxemia, viremia, and septicemia

53
Q

What kind of lab would you take to grow out a sample and see what kind of bacteria it is?

A

a culture

54
Q

DNA/RNA sequencing are looking at what?

A

bacteria

55
Q

competent of blood. includes measurement of antibody tier. tells medical team if your body is ready to fight off infection with the amount of antibodies you have.

A

serelogy

56
Q

IgM –>

A

rises during the acute phase, then falls

57
Q

IgG: –>

A

remains elevated after the acute phase

58
Q

What is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)?

A

take a bunch of people who have donated blood and put it in bag and give it to patient. pulls the antibodies together and hopefully help patients fight off whatever it is they are fighting. given as a infusion

Pathophysiology (25 decks)

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