Chapter 29 Flashcards
involuntary breathing is controlled by
medulla. specifically the respiratory center
controlled breathing is controlled in the
cortex
conducting airways move air _____ the lungs
into
gas exchange takes place in what type of alveolar cell
type 1
what type of alveolar cells produce surfactant?
type 2
lung compliance is defined as the ease with which the lungs can be
inflated
if the lungs are stiff, collagen fibers of scar tissue have replaced what?
elastic fibers
If the lungs are congested….
- reversible decrease in compliance
- increased water content of lung
if the lungs are in recoil they are unable to go back to
normal state
surfactant ____ surface tension
lowers
surfactant prevents
pulmonary edema
Gas exchange: moves oxygen _____ the blood and removes CO2 _____ the blood.
into, from
functions of the lung
gas exchange, blood storage, vasoconstrict and vasodilate, maintain pH and eliminate water
Normal Lung Must consist of:
- adequate inspired O2 (FiO2)
- ventilation and perfusion of alveoli
- permeable alveolocapillary membrane
- diffusion: adequate blood flow, ability to transport 02 and ability to eliminate CO2
adequate inspired O2 (FiO2) is the amount of _________ ________ in the air you breathe.
oxygen content
without adequate oxygen —>
hypoxia
what are the s/s of hypoxia:
restlessness
anxiety
tachycardia
dyspnea
normal lungs must have the ability to transport ____.
O2
Normal lungs must have a permeable _______ ________.
alveolocapillary membrane
normal lungs must have a site of _________ _______ in the lungs.
gaseous exchange
perfusion is the __________ of the blood to the ___________ bed.
delivery, capillary
ventilation is the exchange of ____ and air between the lungs and the atmosphere so that oxygen can be exchanged for _____ in the alveoli.
gas, CO2
matching ventilation and perfusion is required for the exchange of gasses between what 2 things?
- air in the alveoli
- blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
ventilation-perfusion mismatch results in what
hypoxia.
