Chapter 11: Flashcards
first line of defense =
innate immunity (natural)
second line of defense=
adaptive immunity (acquired0
innate immunity is always ________ and ________.
present and immediate
true or false: innate immunity are all elements with which we are born
true
Is innate immunity specific or non-specific?
non-soecific, they have no memory
Do innate immunity improve after exposure to antigen?
No
Innate immunity is avaliable on ______ notice to protect.
short
innate immunity attacks
non-self microbes
true and false: innate immunity does not distinguish between different microbes
true
What physical and mechanical barriers?
epithelium and linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory system
What are some of the cellular components on innate immunity?
phagocytes, natural killers, dendritic.
What molecular component is the primary way that innate and adaptive systems communicate?
cytokines
subset of cytokines that stimulate the migration and activate immune and inflammatory cells
chemokines
little systems that promote inflammation and destruction of microbes. functions: stimulate mast cells, bind to microorganisms and produce holes in the cell wall.
complement system
vascular response in the inflammatory response:
blood vessel dilation, increased vascular permeability and leakage, WBC adherence to the inner walls of the vessels and migration through the vessels.
second line of defense is also known as
the adaptive immunity
the adaptive immune response is
learned or acquired
the adaptive immune response _________ specific substances that are foreign
recognizes
the adaptive immune response is _______ for life.
essential
the adaptive immune response consist of
lymphocytes and their products
what are the purposes of the adaptive immune system?
destroy infectious microorganisms that are resistant to inflammation and innate system.
is the adaptive immune system long term or short term?
long term and highly effective against future exposure
antibodies in the adaptive immune system recognize ?
antigens
types of antigens:
bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, parasites, and antimicrobial agents
types of adaptive immunity: (2 types)
humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity
describe humoral immunity:
produce antibodies aka immunoglobulins that attack antigen (B cells with T cells promoting
what is the humoral immunity principle defense against?
extracellular mircobes and toxins
describe cell-mediated immunity:
phagocytic cells attack the specific microbe/antigen
cell-mediated immunity is mediated by
specific T lymphocytes (Cytotoxic T CD8+ and T-helper CD4+)
name some components of the adaptive immune system:
antigens, antibodies, lymph system, macrophages, and lymphocytes
Where do lymphocytes come from?
stem cells in the bone marrow or fetal liver
B cells mature where?
bone marrow
T cells mature where?
thymus
what are the primary lymph organs?
bone marrow and thymus
lymph nodes serve for
proliferation of multiplication
the lymphatic system are tissues and organs that are designed and located to convey the __ and ___ cells into contact with all antigens that enter the body. Moves through ______ ______.,
B and T cells. moves through lymph fluid
Type of T cells:
attack and kill cells that bear antigens
cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ or killer T cells)
Type of T cells:
help other immune cells
helper T cells/CD4+
type of T cell:
tells B cells and T cells to chill out and hang in the lymph
supressor T cells
type of T cells:
remain after the infection and produce the 4 kinds of T cells if activated
memory T cells
How does cell mediated immunity happen?
modified host cell arrives –> T cells are activated —> secrete cytokines —> increase of T cell reproduction –.> attraction of macrophages –> activate phagocytosis (to eat) or cytotoxic T cells (to punch holes in and die) –> control of disease (memory T cells)
How does humoral immmunity happen?
bacteria with antigens enter the body –> B cells recognize it is foreign (the helper T cells tell B cells what to do) –> differeniate into plasma and memory cells –> antigen/antibody complex forms –> phagocytosis –> control of disease
what happens in humoral immunity when they differentiate into the plasma?
produce antibody
what happens in humoral immunity when they differentiate into the memory cells?
help in case of recurring exposure/ always remember for future
Secondary humoral immune response: B memory cells respond to
antigen immediately
After the B memory cells respond to antigen immediately the plasma…
rises within days
_______ _____ cause a secondary humoral immune response so antibody levels will be high before the disease is encountered
booster shots
B lymphocytes create what in response to antigens?
antibodies
responsible for newborn protection, activates complement and binds to macrophages. passed from mom to baby (passive transfer). displays antiviral, antitoxin, antibacterial properites, antivenom. gets used up immediately
IgG
IgG is used up
immediately
forms natural antibodies; promiment in early immune responses, activates complement
IgM
describe passive immunity:
antibodies are formed somewhere else other than you. it is immediate and not long lasting
How do vaccines work?
it is an adaptive/active immunity because your body still has to adapt and create antibodies for it.
