Chapter 32

Question 1

The kidneys receive about what percent of cardiac output?

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

the kidneys require large _____ _____

Answer 2

blood flow

Question 3

functional unit of kidney

Answer 3

nephron

Question 4

each kidneys contains about how many nephrons?

Answer 4

1.2 million

Question 5

what does the juxtaglomerular appartus/cell do?

Answer 5

controls blood flow, glomerular filtration, renin secretion, urine flow and composition

Question 6

what is the function of the nephron?

Answer 6

glomerular filtration, reabsorb water, electrolytes and other sub needed to maintain the constancy of the internal environment into the blood stream

Question 7

components of nephron:

Answer 7

glomerulus, bowmans capsule, proximal and distal tubule, loop of henle, collecting tubule.

Question 8

contains the glomerulus. acts as a reservior for glomerular filtrate

Answer 8

bowman’s capsule

Question 9

network of capillaries/blood vessels actively involved in the filtration of the blood to form urine. blood flow. deposits ultrafiltrate.

Answer 9

glomerulus

Question 10

function of the tubules

Answer 10

controls what is held on to and what is released

Question 11

vital functions of the kidney

Answer 11

• detoxification of the blood and eliminating waste
• regulation of blood pressure
• maintaining fluid and acid-base balance
• regulation of electrolytes
• help maintain RBC levels
• regulating vitmain D and calicum formation

Question 12

urea: by product of

Answer 12

ammonia from liver

Question 13

creatinine: by product of

Answer 13

skeletal muscle

Question 14

uric acid: small amounts excreted in

Answer 14

urine

Question 15

what system helps regulate BP?

Answer 15

RAAS system

Question 16

helps maintain RBC

Answer 16

erythropoietin

Question 17

regulating vitamin D and calicum formation: through _________ to _______ form

Answer 17

through conversion to active form

Question 18

urinalysis

Answer 18

• color
• apperance
• specific gravity: 1.005-1.025
• pH: 4.5-8
• glucose : negative
• ketones: negative
• proteins: negative
• RBCs: rare or none
• nitrate: negative

Question 19

glomerular filtration rate:

Answer 19

filtration of plasma into the bowman space. all kidney functions, including endocrine, are related to GFR.

Question 20

normal GFR:

Answer 20

115-125 ml/min

Question 21

the complete removal of substance from the blood in 1 minute

Answer 21

renal clearance

Question 22

the volume of blood that can be cleared of creatinine in 1 minute

Answer 22

creatinine clearance

Question 23

what is the most accurate measurement of glomerular filtration

Answer 23

creatinine clearance (24 hour urine)

Question 24

if GFR increase,

Answer 24

urine output will increase

Question 25

serum creatinine =

Answer 25

.5-1.5 mg/dL

Question 26

blood urea nitrogen:

Answer 26

5-25 mg/dL