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Pathophysiology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the nervous system?

A
  • controls skeletal muscle movement
  • regulate cardiac and visceral smooth muscle activity
  • enables the reception, intergration and perception of sensory information
  • provide the substration necessary for intelligence, anticipation and judgement
  • facilites adjustment to an ever-changing external environment
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2
Q

consists of the brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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3
Q

found outside the structures of the CNS. relays messages to the CNS and transmits messages that control effector organs

A

PNS

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4
Q

somatic nervous system

A

nerves that connect the CNS to skin and skeletal muscle. “voluntary” nervous system.

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5
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

motor and sensory pathways. located in both CNS and PNS. regulation of the body’s internal environment. hypothalamus. “involuntary” nervous system

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6
Q

in the autonomic nervous system, what division do we have?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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7
Q

“fight or flight”. prepares body for stressful or emergency situations. neurons release norepinephrine

A

sympathetic divison

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8
Q

what does the sympathetic division do to the body?

A

increases heart and breathing rates, slows down muscles of the stomach and intestines. dilates pupils. constricts blood vessels- increase blood pressure.

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9
Q

prepares the body for rest and digest. controls most of the bodys organs. releases acetylcholine.

A

parasympathetic divison

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10
Q

what does the parasympathetic divison do to the body?

A

slows heart rate down, constricts pupils, activates muscles of stomach and intestine. no communication with the blood vessels

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11
Q

sympathetic and parasympathetic divsions are

A

antagonistic

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12
Q

functional information-processing cells

A

neurons

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13
Q

protect nervous system and supply metabolic support

A

(neuro)glial cells

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14
Q

what a neuron composed of

A

cell body, dendrite, axon

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15
Q

dendrites: ______ nerve impulse

A

recieve

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16
Q

axon: _______ nerve impulse

A

send

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17
Q

type of neuron:

sensory information from environment or inside body to CNS interpretation

A

afferent/sensory

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18
Q

type of neuron:

impulses from CNS to PNS to allow for movement/action

A

efferent/motor

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19
Q

type of neuron:

interpretive neurons between afferent and efferent nerves in the CNS

A

interneurons

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20
Q

sends information TO the brain

A

afferent

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21
Q

sends information/action FROM

A

efferent

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22
Q

help form BBB- keep out toxins

A

astrocytes

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23
Q

produce myelin; myelinating cells

A

oligodendrocytes

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24
Q

myelin insulates axons and enables axons to send nerve impulses ________ ________.

A

more quickly

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25
Q

macrophages that clean up and protect CNS.

A

microglial

26
Q

__________ ____ wrap a layer of myelin around axons and make conduction fast with myelin sheath.

A

schwann cells

27
Q

cells that protect the cell body

A

satellite

28
Q

energy requirements of the brain

___ % cardiac output
___ % oxygen consumption

A

15% cardiac output

20% oxygen consumption

29
Q

the brain cannot store ______ so it uses it immediately

A

oxygen

30
Q

Na+ influx in the soma results in

A

depolarization

31
Q

K+ efflux _________ the membrane

A

repolarizes

32
Q

what are the functions of neurotransmitters

A
  • causes muscles to contract/relax
  • causes glands to secrete products
  • activate or inhibit neurons
33
Q

sympathetic neurotransmitter –>

A

catecholamine (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine)

34
Q

what do sympathetic neurotransmitters do to the body

A

constrict blood vessels, speed and strengthen heart, bronchodilation

35
Q

parasympathetic neurotransmitter —>

A

acetylcholine

36
Q

what do parasympathetic neurotransmitters do to the body?

A

slow heart, stimulate GI, vasodilate, excites skeletal muscles.

37
Q

dorsal :

A

afferent/efferent

38
Q

dorsal _____ information to the brain

A

sends

39
Q

ventral:

A

efferent/motor

40
Q

ventral sends information ______ the brain

A

from

41
Q

central nervous system includes

A

the brain and the spinal cord

42
Q

Blood-brain barrier protects the ______ of the membranes of the CNS

A

layers

43
Q

the blood brain barrier is formed by

A

tight capillaries

44
Q

the blood brain barrier prevents

A

unwanted substances from entering the CNS tissue

45
Q

function of the forebrain

A

control cognititve, sensory, and motor function. regulate temp. reproductive functions. display of emotions

46
Q

what is the forebrain composed of

A

thalamus, hypothalmus, cerebrum

47
Q

switchboard or relay station for impulses going to and coming from the cerebrum

A

thalamus

48
Q

homeostatic control

A

hypothalamus

49
Q

nerve center for sensory and motor

A

cerebrum

50
Q

coordiantes and interprets sensory info

A

parietal

51
Q

motor, anticipation, behavior, and intellectual functions

A

frontal

52
Q

hearing, smell, taste, and language

A

temporal

53
Q

vision

A

occipital

54
Q

emotional

A

limbic system

55
Q

functions of the midbrain

A

controls posture and walking. handles reflexes of eye movements

56
Q

functions of the hindbrain

A

lifesustaining processes/refelx center for involuntary processes (heart rate, respiration rate, coughing, swallowing, vomitting)

57
Q

hindbrain is comprised of

A

medulla oblongata, cerebellum, pons

58
Q

controls breathing and HR

A

medulla oblongata

59
Q

controls fine motor coordination

A

cerebellum

60
Q

influence over several autonomic basic life functions such as consciousness and regulation of respiration.

A

pons

Pathophysiology (25 decks)

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