Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Biology > Chapter 29: The Senses > Flashcards

Chapter 29: The Senses Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sensory Receptor Cells

A

Detect internal/external stimuli

  • located in sense organs
  • all nerve impulses are the same, identical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sensation

A

Awareness of a sensory stimulus

- results when brain integrates new info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Perception

A

More meaningful interpretations and understanding of sensory information

  • brain integrates new info w/ previous experiences
  • combination of different senses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sensory Transduction

A

When receptor cells convert stimulus into a nerve impulse

  • occurs in plasma membrane of receptor cells
  • permeability changes (gated ion channels open)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Receptor Potential

A

Electrical signal produced by sensory transduction, similar to action potential

  • not an all or none effect (stronger stimulus, stronger receptor potential)
  • receptor cell synapses w/ sensory neurons –> brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sensory Adaptation

A

Tendency of sensory receptors to become less receptive if there’s too much stimulus
- prevents brain from reacting to normal, useless background info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the five sensory receptors?

A

1) Pain Receptors
2) Thermoreceptors
3) Mechanoreceptors
4) Chemoreceptors
5) Electromagnetic Receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pain Receptors

A

Aware of injury/disease

  • indicate danger to increase survival
  • entire body is filled w/ these but brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Detect heat/cold, monitor temperature of blood

  • in vital organs
  • hypothalamus is the body’s major thermostat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Various forms of energy (stretch, motion, sound, pressure, etc)
- inside muscles, ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Sensitive to chemical stimulation

  • nose & tongue
  • respond to chemicals dissolved in fluids
  • best sense is moths
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Electromagnetic Receptors

A

Sensitive to energy of various wavelengths (magnetism, light)
- photoreceptors are most common and detect light waves from electromagnetic spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three types of photoreceptors?

A

1) Eye cups
2) Compound Eyes
3) Single Lens Eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Eye cups

A

Found in planar

- detect intensity/direction of light and goes away from light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compound Eyes

A

Many tiny light detecting units

  • Ommatidia = 1 lens, 1 cornea
  • Extremely acute motion detectors, excellent color vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Single Lens Eyes

A

Light enters thru small opening in eyes, regulated by structure (camera type eye)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stretch Receptor

A

a type of mechanoreceptor sensitive to changes in muscle length; detects the position of body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hair Cells

A

a type of mechanoreceptor that detects sound waves and other forms of movement in air or water (Cilia or Microvilli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sclera

A

Tough white coating of eye (outermost)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cornea

A

Anterior, curved, clear part of sclera

- first structure to focus light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Conjuctiva

A

Thin mucus membrane on cornea

22
Q

Choroid Coat

A

Darkly colored –> absorb light

- right w/ blood vessels

23
Q

Ciliary muscle

A

Smooth muscle, where sclera becomes cornea

- attached to lens by suspensionary ligaments to help focus light by contracting

24
Q

Lens

A

Elastic, biconvex (curves out on both sides)

- positioned behind pupil, surrounded by iris

25
Q

Iris

A

Ring of pigmented tissue, regulates size of pupil

26
Q

Aqueous Humor

A

Watery fluid between cornea and lens to provide nutrients

27
Q

Vitreous Humor

A

Jelly like fluid in chamber behind lens, helps keep shape

28
Q

Retina

A

Contains photoreceptor cells (stimulus transducers)

- rods and cons

29
Q

Rods (rhodopsin)

A

Absorb dim light –> black and white image

30
Q

Cons (photopsin)

A

Absorb bright light –> colored center

31
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Carries impulses to brain, blind spot

32
Q

Fovea

A

an eye’s center of focus and the place on the retina where the receptors are highly kind

33
Q

Blind Spot

A

the place on the retina of the vertebrate eye where the optic nerve passes through the eyeball and where there are no photoreceptor cells

34
Q

Accommodation

A

the automatic changes made by the eye as it focuses on near objects

35
Q

Visual Acuity

A

the ability of the eyes to distinguish fine detail

36
Q

Nearsightedness

A

an inability to focus on distant objects; occurs when the eyeball is longer than normal and the lens focuses distant objects in front of the retina. Also called myopia.

37
Q

Farsightedness

A

an inability to focus on close objects; occurs when the eyeball is shorter than normal and the focal point of the lens is behind the retina. Also called hyperopia

38
Q

Astigmatism

A

blurred vision caused by a misshapen lens or cornea

39
Q

What are the 3 regions of the human ear?

A

Outer ear, middle ear, inner ear

40
Q

Outer Ear

A

one of three main regions of the ear in reptiles, birds, and mammals; made up of the auditory canal, and in many birds and mammals the pinna

41
Q

Pinna

A

the flaplike part of the outer ear, projecting from the body surface of many birds and mammals; collects sound waves and channels them to the auditory canal

42
Q

Auditory Canal

A

part of the vertebrate outer ear that channels sound waves from the pinna or outer body surface to the eardrum

43
Q

Eardrum

A

a sheet of connective tissue separating the outer ear from the middle ear that vibrates when stimulated by sound waves and passes the waves to the middle ear

44
Q

Middle Ear

A

one of three regions of the vertebrate ear; a chamber containing three small bones (the hammer, anvil, and stirrup), which convey vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window

45
Q

Oval Window

A

in the vertebrate ear, a membrane-covered gap in the skull bone, through which sound waves pass from the middle ear into the inner ear

46
Q

Eustachian tube

A

an air passage between the middle ear and throat of vertebrates, that equalizes air pressure on either side of the eardrum

47
Q

Inner Ear

A

one of three main regions of the vertebrate ear; includes the cochlea, organ of Corti, and semicircular canals

48
Q

Cochlea

A

a coiled tube in the inner ear of birds and mammals that contains the hearing organ, the organ of Corti

49
Q

Organ of Corti

A

the hearing organ in birds and mammals, located within the cochlea

50
Q

Semicircular Canals

A

fluid filled channels in the inner ear that detect changes in the head’s rate of rotation or angular movement

51
Q

Utricle

A

a fluid-filled inner ear chamber containing hair cells that detect the position of the head relative to gravity

52
Q

Sccule

A

a fluid filled inner ear chamber containing hair cells that detect the position of the head relative to gravity

AP Biology (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions