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AP Biology > Ch. 17 Fungi, Plants, & the Colonization of Land > Flashcards

Ch. 17 Fungi, Plants, & the Colonization of Land Flashcards

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1
Q

Mycorhiza

A

A mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi

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2
Q

What is the difference between plants and algae?

A

Plants…

  • adapted to terrestrial life
  • leaf photosynthesizes
  • cuticle and stomata
  • stem supports the plant
  • roots anchor the plant and absorb water

Algae…

  • adapted to aquatic life
  • supported by surrounding water
  • whole alga photosynthesizes (absorbs water, CO2, and minerals)
  • anchored by a holdfast
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3
Q

Cuticle

A

Waxy coating on surface of stems/leaves that help retain water (prevent water loss)

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4
Q

Stomata

A

A pore surrounded by the guard cells in the epidermis of leaf; when opened, CO2 enters leaf and water/O2 exit (allow gas exchange)

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5
Q

Vascular Tissue

A

network of cells forming narrow tubes, extends throughout plant body

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6
Q

Xylem

A

Made of dead cells forming microscopic pipes that convey water and minerals up from the roots

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7
Q

Phloem

A

Consist of living cells and distributes sugars throughout plant

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of vascular tissue?

A

Xylem and Phloem

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9
Q

Gametangia

A

A reproductive organ that houses and protects the gametes of plants

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10
Q

Charophytes

A

A member of group of green algae closely related to plants; represent ancestors of plant kingdom

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11
Q

Sporangium

A

A bulbous structure at tips of some branches

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12
Q

Spore

A

A haploid cell can develop into multicellular individual w/o fusing with another cell

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13
Q

Bryophytes

A

One of a group of plants that lack xylem and phloem nonvascular plants (includes mosses and close relatives)
- Lack internal support and have flagellated sperm

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14
Q

Vascular Plant

A

A plant w/ xylem and phloem

- 2 types: seed and no seed

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15
Q

Seed

A

Plant embryo packaged with food supply w/ protective covering

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16
Q

Pollination

A

In seed plants, the delivery, by wind/animals, of pollen from male parts of plant to stigma of a carpel on a female

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17
Q

Gymnosperms

A

naked seed plant; its seed said to be naked b/c it is not enclosed in fruit

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18
Q

Angiosperm

A

Flowering plant, which forms seeds inside protective chamber called an overy

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19
Q

What are the 2 types of seeds?

A

1) Gymnosperms

2) Angiosperms

20
Q

What are the 4 adaptations of life (main lineages of plant kingdom)?

A

1) Gametangia - protect gamete/zygote/embryo
2) Vascular Tissue - give rise to modern plant
3) Seeds - dominates plant kingdom
4) Flowers - dominates the seed plants

21
Q

Explain Alternation of Generation

A
  1. Haploid male/female gametophytes produce gametes by mitosis
  2. Fertilization occurs in diploid zygote
  3. Zygote undergoes mitosis and develops into diploid sporophyte
  4. Sporophyte produces haploid spores in meiosis
  5. Complete 1 life cycle – spore develops by mitosis into multicellular haploid gametophyte
22
Q

Sporophytes

A

diploid (2n) individuals

23
Q

Gametophyte

A

Haploid (n) individuals

24
Q

Explain the life cycle of a fern.

A

Dominant sporophyte (most plants)

  1. Gametophyte have flagellated sperm that require moisture to get to egg
  2. Zygote remains on gametophyte
  3. Develops into sporophyte
  4. Cells in sporangia undergo meiosis producing haploid spores
  5. Spores are released & developed into gametophytes by mitosis
25
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

energy deposit formed from the remains of extinct organisms

26
Q

Conifers

A

Gymnosperm, or naked seed plant, produces cone

27
Q

Ovules

A

Reproductive structure in seed plant; contains female gametophyte and developing egg develops into seed

28
Q

Pollen Grains

A

In seed plant, male gametophyte develops w/in the anthers of stamens

29
Q

Flowers

A

in angiosperm, short stem w/ four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction

30
Q

Sepals

A

modified leaf of flowering plant; encloses and protects flower bud before it opens

31
Q

Petals

A

modified lead of flowering plant; often colorful parts of flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators

32
Q

Carpel

A

female part of flower, consisting of stalk w/ an ovary at base and stigma, which traps pollen, at tip (female)

33
Q

Ovary

A

Basal portion of carpel in which egg – containing ovules - develops

34
Q

Stigma

A

sticky tip of flower’s carpel, which traps pollen grains

35
Q

Stamen

A

pollen producing male reproductive part of flower, consisting of stalk and anther (male)

36
Q

Anther

A

Sac which pollen grains develop, located at tip of stamen

37
Q

What are the parts of a flower?

A

Sepals, petals
Stamen and anther
Carpel, stigma, and ovary

38
Q

Explain the life cycle of angiosperm

A
  1. Haploid spores in anthers develop in pollen grains; male gametophytes
  2. Haploid spore in each ovule develops into female gametophyte, which produces egg
  3. Pollination and growth of pollen tube
  4. Creates zygote
  5. Seed develops from each ovule
  6. Ovary wall thickens, forming fruit that encloses the seeds
  7. Seed germinates and embryo grows into plant
39
Q

Fruit

A

Ripened, thickened ovary of flower, which protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal

40
Q

Kingdom Fungi

A

Kingdom that contains fungi

41
Q

Fungi

A

heterotrophic eukaryote that digests it food externally and absorbs resulting small nutrient molecules

42
Q

Hyphae

A

one of many filaments making up body of fungus

43
Q

Mycelium

A

densely branched network of hyphae in fungus

44
Q

Dikaryotic phase

A

series of stages in life cycle of many fungi in which cells contain 2 nuclei

45
Q

Fruiting Body

A

stage in organism’s life cycle that functions only in reproduction

46
Q

Mating Types

A

group of sexually compatible individuals in population

47
Q

Lichens

A

mutualistic association b/w fungus and alga or b/w fungus and cyanbacterium

AP Biology (32 decks)

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