Chapter 25 - Digestive System Flashcards
What is digestion?
Process whereby food is changed into a form that can be absorbed, breakdown of ingested food, and absorption of nutrients into blood.
What is metabolism?
Production of ATP and anabolic & catabolic cellular activities.
What are the 2 parts of the digestive system?
Alimentary canal and accessory glands.
What makes up the alimentary canal?
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, and anus.
What are the accessory glands?
Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
What are the layers of the digestive wall?
INSIDE TO OUTSIDE
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.
What are the 3 layers of the mucosa?
Mucosal epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa.
What does the lamina propria contain?
BVs, sensory nerves, lymph vessels, and MALT.
What does the mucosa muscularis contain?
Smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
What are the layers of the muscularis?
Circular and longitudinal.
Can the mucosa have folds?
YES!!!!
What do folds do?
Increase surface area.
What glands can be in the mucosa?
Mucous and digestive enzymes.
What are the functions or the mucosa?
Protection, absorption, and secretion.
What does the submucosa contain?
Loose CT, glands, BVs, lymph vessels and nerves.
What are the functions of the submucosa?
Nourish surrounding tissues and carry away absorbed materials.
What are the layers of the muscularis?
Inner and outer.
What is the inner layer?
Circular smooth muscle.
What is the outer layer?
longitudinal smooth muscle.
What is the function of the circular smooth muscle?
Decrease the diameter when contracted.
What is the function of the longitudinal muscle?
Shorten tube when contracted.
What is another name for the serosa?
Visceral peritoneum.
Does the serosa exist superior to the diaphragm?
NEGATIVE!!
What replaces the serosa above the diaphragm?
Adventitia.