Chapter 24 - Respiratory System Flashcards
Respiratory system consists of what?
Upper and lower respiratory systems.
What is the upper respiratory system?
Nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx.
Functions of the upper respiratory system?
Filter, warm & humidify air and bring it to and from the lower respiratory system.
What is the lower respiratory system?
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
What are alveoli?
Gas exchange surface.
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
Extensive area for gas exchange, move air to and from exchange surfaces, protect exchange surfaces from damage, produce vocalization, and regulate blood volume, pH, and pressure.
What damages does the respiratory system protect exchange surfaces from?
Dehydration, temperature, and pathogens.
How many functional parameters do respiratory surfaces have?
3
What are the 3 functional parameters of respiratory surfaces?
Increase the surface area of the membrane, decrease thickness of the respiratory membrane, and highly vascularize the respiratory membrane (maximize concentration gradient).
What is the external nose comprised of?
Cartilage, nasal bone, and external nares.
What are the cartilages of the external nose?
Lateral nasal, major alar, and minor alar.
What is another name for external nares?
Nostrils.
What do the external nose enclose?
The nasal vestibule.
Nasal vestibule characteristics?
Protected by hairs, opens into nasal cavity, and divided by nasal septum.
Where does the nasal cavity start and end?
Starts at nasal vestibule and ends at internal nares.
How is the nasal cavity divided into 2?
By the nasal septum.
What comprises the nasal septum?
Ethmoid, vomer, and septal cartilage.
How is the nasal cavity separated from the oral cavity?
By the hard and soft palate?
What makes up the hard palate?
Palatine and maxilla.
What is the nasal cavity lined with?
Mucus membrane.
What is the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?
Superior region and all areas with olfactory receptors.
What areas contain olfactory receptors?
Cribiform plate, superior nasal conchae, and superior septum.
What are nasal conchae?
Projections of bone on each side of nasal cavity.
What are the nasal conchae?
Superior, middle, and inferior.