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Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

The purpose of the cardiovascular system… (4)

A
  1. Vital for survival
  2. Carries oxygen and nutrients to tissues
  3. Carries wastes away from tissues
  4. Closed system
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2
Q

What are the 2 circuits of the cardiovascular system?

A
  1. Pulmonary

2. Systemic

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3
Q

Flow of the pulmonary system

A
  • Heart to lungs and back

- Oxygenates blood

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4
Q

Flow of the systemic system

A
  • Heart to body and back

- Delivers oxygen to tissues

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5
Q

Structure of the heart (5)

A
  1. Cone shaped
  2. Inside pericardial cavity
  3. Inside mediastinum
  4. Apex tipped toward the inferior and the left
  5. Base superior
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6
Q

Double serious membrane with fibrous coat

A

Pericardium

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7
Q

What are the layers that make up the pericardium (2)

A
  1. Parietal pericardium

2. Epicardium

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8
Q
  • Outer layer of the sac

- Fibrous and areolar layer

A

Parietal Pericardium

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9
Q
  • Also known as the visceral pericardium
  • Inner layer of sac
  • Adheres to the heart wall
A

Epicardium

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10
Q

Cavity that it is between layers and contains serous fluids

A

Pericardial Cavity

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11
Q

Layers of the wall of the heart

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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12
Q

Layer that is composed of visceral pericardium

-Functions as the protective outer layer

A

Epicardium

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13
Q
  • Middle layer
  • Responsible for contractions
  • Made of cardiac muscle
A

Myocardium

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14
Q
  • Inner layer
  • Lines and protects chambers and valves
  • Continuous with endothelium of heart blood vessels
A

Endocardium

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15
Q

Cardiac Muscle Characteristics (5)

A
  1. Striated
  2. Aerobic Respiration
  3. Short T-tubules
  4. Autorhythmic
  5. Connected mechanically and chemically
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16
Q

How is cardiac muscle connected mechanically and chemically? (2)

A
  1. Intercalated discs

2. Gap junctions

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17
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A
  • 2 atria

- 2 ventricles

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18
Q

General characteristics of the 2 atria? (3)

A
  1. Superior chambers
  2. Receive blood from veins
  3. Have auricles
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19
Q

What are auricles?

A

Flaps where blood pools

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20
Q

General characteristics of the ventricles (2)

A
  1. Inferior chambers

2. Force blood out too arteries

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21
Q

Structural differences between the ventricles (4)

A
  1. Left is thicker and stronger
  2. Right goes only to the lungs
  3. Left is round
  4. Right is pouch shaped
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22
Q

Characteristics about the Tricuspid Valve (4)

A
  1. AKA Right Atrioventricular Valve
  2. At right atrioventricular orifice
  3. Open when atrial force is greater and close when ventricle force is greater
  4. 3 cusps
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23
Q

Characteristics of the Bicuspid Valve (3)

A
  1. AKA Left Atrioventricular valve
  2. At left artioventricular orifice
  3. 2 cusps
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24
Q

Known as “heart strings”

A

Chordae Tendonae

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25
Q

Characteristics of Chorae Tendonae (3)

A
  1. Hold valves in place
  2. Attached to cusps on ventricles side
  3. Prevents cusps from collapsing into atria when valve is closed and backflow of blood
26
Q

Characteristics of Papillary Muscles (3)

A
  1. Small bundles of muscles
  2. Attach to the chordae tendonae
  3. When valves close, these muscles contract and tighten cords
27
Q

Name of the scaffolding on interior walls

A

Trabeculae Carneae

28
Q

Name of valve between ventricle and artery

A

Semilunar Valves

29
Q
  • Right semilunar valve
  • At entrance of the pulmonary trunk
  • Opens when the right ventricle contracts
A

Pulmonary Valve

30
Q
  • Left semilunar valve
  • At entrance to aorta
  • Opens when left ventricle contracts
A

Aortic Valve

31
Q

Path of Blood (

A
  1. Right Atrium
  2. Right AV valve
  3. Right Ventricle
  4. Pulmonary Valve
  5. Pulmonary Trunk
  6. Lungs
  7. Left Atrium
  8. Left AV valve
  9. Left Ventricle
  10. Aortic Valve
  11. Aorta- to tissues
32
Q

Type of circulation that supplies the heart tissues with blood
-blockage can result in a heart tissue dying

A

Coronary Circulation

33
Q

Arteries that branch directly off the aorta as is emerges

A

Coronary Arteries

34
Q

2 Components of the Left Coronary Artery

A
  1. Circumflex Artery

2. Anterior Interventricular Artery

35
Q

2 Components of the Right Coronary Artery

A
  1. Posterior Interventricular Artery

2. Marginal Artery

36
Q
  • Drain myocardium

- Travel with arteries

A

Cardiac Veins

37
Q

What are the 3 cardiac veins and what do these all drain into?

A
  1. Great
  2. Middle
  3. Small
    - All drain into the coronary sinus
38
Q

Where does the coronary sinus empty into?

A

The right atrium

39
Q

Contractile phase, chamber empties

A

Systole

40
Q

Relaxation phase, chamber fills

A

Diastole

41
Q

Lub =

A

AV valves close

42
Q

Dub=

A

Semi lunar valves close

43
Q

Heat beat is enabled by… (2)

A
  1. Nodal Cells

2. Conducting Fibers

44
Q

Specialized muscle cells that conduct action potentials

A

Nodal Cells

45
Q

Distributes stimulus to myocardium

A

Conducting Fibers

46
Q
  • Pacemaker
  • Spontaneously depolarizes
  • At the back wall of the right atrium
A

SA (sinoatrial) node

47
Q

-Where the 4 chambers meet

A

AV (atrioventricular) node

48
Q

Signal transmitted to AV node through…

A

Internodal Pathways

49
Q

Transmits signal down the Interventricular septum

A

AV bundle

50
Q
  • Branch off the AV bundle
  • Moves further down the septum
  • One supplies the ventricle
A

Bundle Branches

51
Q
  • Reflect up external wall of ventricle

- Extend to papillary muscles

A

Purkinje Fibers

52
Q

The different waves in a electrocardiogram…

A
  1. P wave
  2. QRS wave
  3. T wave
53
Q

Wave that depicts the depolarization of atria

A

P wave

54
Q

Depolarization of ventricle

A

QRS wave

55
Q

Repolarization of ventricle

A

T wave

56
Q

Cardiac output =

A

5 L/min

57
Q

Spontaneous contractions

A

Autorhythmicity

58
Q

Autonomic chemical control is controlled by…

A

NE and E: they increase the rate and force

59
Q

2 centers of Neural control in the medulla

A
  1. Cardioacceleratory

2. Cardioinhibitory

60
Q

Release NE/ increase HR

A

Cardioacceleratory Centers

61
Q

Release Ach/ decrease HR

A

Cardioinhibitory Centers

Anatomy (24 decks)

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