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Anatomy > Blood Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Blood Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

General characteristics of blood vessels… (5)

A
  1. Closed circuit of tubes
  2. Arteries carry blood away from the heart
  3. Capillaries are exchange vessels
  4. Veins return blood to the heart
  5. Oxygen does not distinguish arteries from veins
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2
Q

Summary/Path of circulation

A
  • Heart
  • Arteries
  • Arterioles
  • Capillaries
  • Venules
  • Veins
  • Heart
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3
Q
  • Smooth surface for blood flow

- Simple squamous epithelium

A

Endothelium

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4
Q

The connective tissue in endothelium provides…

A

Provides elasticity to withstand the blood pressure changes

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5
Q

The smooth muscle in blood vessel tissues control…

A
  1. Vasoconstriction

2. Vasodilation

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6
Q

What are the 3 layers of the blood vessel?

A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Tunica media
  3. Adventitia (Tunica externa)
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7
Q

Characteristics of the Tunica Intima… (3)

A
  1. Inner most
  2. Endothelium on top of connective tissue
  3. Internal elastic membrane
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8
Q

Functions of the Tunica Intima (3)

A
  1. Separates blood flow from vessel wall
  2. Prevents blood clotting
  3. Helps regulate blood pressure
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9
Q

Characteristics of the Tunica Media (3)

A
  1. Middle
  2. Bulk of wall
  3. Smooth muscle and elastic CT
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10
Q

Characteristics of Adventitia (Tunica Externa)

A
  • Outer most
  • Thin
  • Made of CT, elastic and collagenous fibers
  • Attaches artery to surrounding tissues
  • Contains vasa vasorum
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11
Q

What is vasa vasorum?

A

Blood vessels within the Tunica externa because the layer is so thick it needs its own blood supply

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12
Q

Characteristics of Arteries (2)

A
  1. Strong and elastic

2. Subdivided into arterioles

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13
Q

Artery differences from veins (3)

A
  1. Artery wall is thicker
  2. Artery lumen appears smaller
  3. Endothelium of artery can not contract
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14
Q

Types of Arteries (2)

A
  1. Elastic

2. Muscular

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15
Q

Characteristics of Elastic Arteries (4)

A
  1. Large diameter
  2. In areas of high pressure
  3. Media= high % elastic tissue and less smooth muscle
  4. Ex. Pulmonary truck, aorta, carotid, subclavian, common iliacs
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16
Q

Characteristics of Muscular Arteries (4)

A
  1. Large to small diameter
  2. Carry blood to skeletal muscles and organs
  3. Media= lots of smooth muscle, less elastic tissue
  4. Ex. Femoral, carotids, brachialis, mesenterics
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17
Q

Characteristics of Arterioles (5)

A
  1. Microscopic continuations of arteries
  2. Small diameter
  3. Adventitia is thin
  4. No external elastic membrane
  5. No vasa vasorum
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18
Q

Characteristics of Capillaries (3)

A
  1. Only intima
    - Basement membrane
    - Simple squamous epithelium
  2. Very thin
  3. Variable permeability
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19
Q

What are the materials exchanged in capillaries? (3)

A
  1. Nutrients
  2. Dissolved gases
  3. Wastes
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20
Q

How is capillary permeability maximized…? (3)

A
  1. Thin wall
  2. Low BP
  3. Slow blood flow
21
Q

Mechanisms of permeability (4)

A
  1. Diffusion across endothelial cells
  2. Diffusion through gaps between endothelium
  3. Diffusion through pores
  4. Vesicular transport with pinocytes
22
Q

What diffuses across endothelial cells?

A
  1. Lipids

2. Gases

23
Q

What diffuses through gaps between endothelium?

A
  1. Water

2. Small solutes

24
Q

What diffuses through pores?

A
  1. Water

2. Larger solutes

25
Q

What diffuses through vesicular transport with pinocytes?

A

Large bound solutes

26
Q

Characteristics of Continuous capillaries (3)

A
  1. Tight junctions
  2. Desmosomes
  3. Pinocytes
27
Q

How do continuous capillaries allow movement? (2)

A
  1. Passive Transport

2. Active Transport

28
Q

Where are continuous capillaries located? (3)

A
  1. CNS
  2. Skeletal muscle
  3. Lungs
29
Q

Characteristics of Fenestrated Capillaries (2)

A
  1. Swiss cheese appearance

2. Have pores

30
Q

What do fenestrated capillaries allow movement of?

A
  1. Peptides

2. Small proteins

31
Q

Where are Fenestrated Capillaries located?

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Intestines
  3. Endocrine Glands
  4. Choroid Plexus
32
Q

Characteristic of Sinusoid Capillaries

A

Specialized for max exchange by…

  • Large intercellular gaps
  • Pores
  • Discontinuous basement membrane (allows cells to enter or exit)
33
Q

Where are Sinusoid Capillaries located?

A
  1. Spleen and bone marrow

2. Liver and adrenal glands

34
Q

A network of interconnected capillaries

-Derived from arterioles

A

Capillary beds

35
Q

What manages blood flow to bed?

A

Precapillary Sphincters

36
Q

These provide a direct connection through the bed

-Leads through a thoroughfare channel

A

Metarterioles

37
Q

2 types of Anastomoses

A
  1. Collateral Arteries

2. Arteriovenous Anastomosis

38
Q

The 2 arteries fuse

  • Twice as much blood supplies in the arteries
  • Found in areas with high oxygen demands
A

Collateral Arteries

39
Q

Direct connection between arteriole and venule

-Where bloodflow may be hindered by posture

A

Arteriovenous Anastomosis

40
Q
  • Smallest veins that collect blood from capillaries
  • Can lack a media
  • Scatter, minimal amount of smooth muscles occasionally
A

Venules

41
Q

Characteristics of Medium sized veins (6)

A
  • 2-9 mm in diameter
  • Thin media
  • Few smooth muscle fibers
  • Thick adventitia
  • Low BP
  • Valves
42
Q

Characteristics of large sized veins (6)

A
  • Great veins (superior/inferior vena cava and their tributes
  • Thin media
  • Thick adventitia
  • Low BP
  • Contains valves
43
Q
  • Flap like structures projecting inward
  • Folds of media
  • Found in extremities
A

Venous Valves

44
Q

Veins have low BP so ____ help prevent back flow of blood

A

Valves

45
Q

Movement of blood through veins for the movement of limbs and contraction of muscles

A

Skeletal muscle pump

46
Q

Expansion of the thoracic cavity

A

Thoracoabdominal pump

47
Q

Characteristics of Blood distribution

A
  • Uneven
  • Oxygenated blood in the heart, arteries, and capillaries = 1/3
  • Deoxygenated, venous blood= 2/3 of blood
  • Known as blood reservoir
  • Veins contract during blood loss
48
Q

Characteristics of the Pulmonary Circuit

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood goes to the lungs from right ventricle
  2. Oxygenated in alveolar capillaries of the lungs
  3. Brought to the left atrium, then left ventricle
  4. Veins=oxygenated blood
  5. Arteries= deoxygenated blood
49
Q

Characteristics of the Systemic Circuit (5)

A
  1. Oxygenated blood goes from the left ventricle to the body
  2. Deoxygenation occurs in systemic capillaries
  3. Brought to the right atrium, then the right ventricle
  4. Veins= deoxygenated
  5. Arteries= oxygenated

Anatomy (24 decks)

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