Articulations (KT) Flashcards
Joints aka…?
Articulations
Points of contact for joints… (3)
- Between 2 bones
- Between Cartilage and bone
- Between teeth and bones
The study of joints
Arthrology
Study of motion
Kinesiology
How are joints classified?
Based on movement
Immovable joints
Synarthosis
Slightly movable joints
Amphiarthrosis
Freely movable joints
Diarthrosis
Classification of joints based on anatomy… 3 kinds
- Fibrous (collagen fibers)
- Cartilaginous (cartilage)
- Synovial (joint capsules & accessory ligaments)
Type of joint that…
- Lack of synovial cavity
- Bones held close together by fibrous connective tissue
- Little or no movement
Fibrous Joints
Structural types of Fibrous Joints… (3)
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
- Gomphoses
- Thin layers of dense fibrous connective tissue that unites bones of the skull
- Immovable
Sutures
Sutures that are fused completely in adults
Synostosis
- Fibrous joint
- Bones united by ligament
- Slightly movable
Syndesmosis
Example of Syndesmosis
- Anterior tibiofibular joint
2. Interosseous membrane
- Ligament holds cone shaped peg in bony socket
- Immovable (synarthrosis)
Gomphosis
Examples of Gomphosis
-Teeth in alveolar process of maxillae or mandible
Joints that…
- Lack a synovial cavity
- Allows little or no movement
- Bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
Cartilage Joints
2 types of Cartilage Joints
- Synchondroses
2. Symphyses
Cartilage joint that…
- Connecting material is hyaline cartilage
- Immovable
Synchondrosis
Example of synchondrosis
- Epiphyseal Plate
- Joints between ribs and sternum
- When fusion occurs it becomes a synostosis
Cartilage joint that…
- Fibrocartilage is connecting material
- Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)
Symphysis
Example of Symphysis
- Intervertebral Discs
- Pubic symphysis
Features of the Synovial Joint (2)
- 2 bones separated by a fluid filled cavity
2. Joint capsule has 2 layers
2 layers of the Synovial Joint
- Synovial Membrane
2. Articular Cartilage
Synovial fluid components… (3)
- Blood filtrate
- Hyaluronic Acid
- Glycoproteins
Synovial Fluid Functions… (3)
- Lubricate joint surfaces
- Nourish Chondrocytes
- Shock absorber
Structure that…
- Reinforces and strengthens joint capsule
- Connect bone to bone with dense irregular connection tissue
Ligaments
Ligament types (2)
- Extracapsular Ligaments
2. Intracapsular Ligaments
Outside joint capsule
Ex. Tibial and Fibular Collaterals
Extracapsular Ligaments
Within the capsule
Ex. Cruciates (ACL)
Intracapsular Ligaments
-Pads of fibrous cartilage that subdivide a cavity
-Also known as menisci
Ex. Knee joint
Articular Discs
Functions of Articular Discs
- Channel flow of synovial fluid
- Modify articular surfaces
- Restrict movements at joints
- Cushion articulating surfaces
- Help distribute body weight
Adipose tissue surrounding the synovial capsule
Ex. Tibiofemoral Joint
Fat pads
Functions of the fat pads
- Protect articular cartilage
- Packing material
- Fills space when joint changes shape
- Small fluid filled pockets of connective tissue
- Located in hypodermis, between tendons/ligaments and bones
Bursae
Functions of Bursae (2)
- Cushion and support
2. Aid movement of tendons
Type of movement that…
-2 opposing surfaces slide past one another
Gliding
Type of movement that…
-A change in angle between the shaft and the articular surface
Angular movement
Type of movement that…
- A type of angular motion
- Rotation of the shaft while changing the angle
Circumduction
Type of movement that…
-Spinning of the shaft without changing the angle
Rotation
Types of angular movement (5)
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Flexion
- Extension
- Hyperextension
Types of rotation (2)
- Pronation
2. Supination
Eversion/Inversion
Ex. Angling your foot inward and outward
Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion
Ex. Angling the foot up and down