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Jarvis: Physical Examination & Health Assessment, 4th Canadian Edition > Chapter 24: Musculo-Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 24: Musculo-Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary components of the musculoskeletal system?

A

Bones, joints, and muscles

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2
Q

What is one of the main functions of the musculoskeletal system?

A

Provides structural integrity to the body

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3
Q

How many bones are in the human skeleton?

A

206 bones

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4
Q

What type of tissue are bones and cartilage examples of?

A

Connective tissue

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5
Q

Which type of joint is characterized by being immovable?

A

Nonsynovial joints

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6
Q

What is the role of synovial fluid in synovial joints?

A

Enables smooth movement between surfaces

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7
Q

What percentage of body weight do muscles constitute?

A

40% to 50%

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8
Q

What type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movements?

A

Skeletal muscle

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9
Q

Which muscle type is specialized to function in the heart?

A

Cardiac muscle

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10
Q

What essential function of the musculoskeletal system involves producing red blood cells?

A

Hematopoiesis

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11
Q

Bones undergo continuous remodeling primarily to maintain what?

A

Bone health and strength

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12
Q

What is the primary function of synovial fluid?

A

Reduces friction in joints.

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13
Q

Which muscles are known as voluntary muscles?

A

Skeletal muscles.

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14
Q

Where are smooth muscles primarily found?

A

In internal organs.

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15
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

A

7 vertebrae.

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16
Q

What is the count of lumbar vertebrae?

A

5 vertebrae.

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17
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are present in the spine?

A

12 vertebrae.

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18
Q

What landmark is represented by the spinous processes of C7 and T1?

A

Base of the neck.

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19
Q

Which imaginary line connects the top of the iliac crests?

A

L4.

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20
Q

The inferior angle of the scapula is located at which interspace?

A

T7 and T8.

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21
Q

What is indicated by the posterior superior iliac spines?

A

Symmetric dimples over the spines.

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22
Q

Which joint is NOT part of the musculoskeletal system?

A

Elbow

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23
Q

At what stage does rapid bone growth occur?

A

Infancy

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24
Q

During childhood, bone growth is characterized as:

A

Steady growth

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25
Where does bone lengthening occur during adolescence?
Epiphyses
26
What postural change is associated with pregnancy?
Progressive lordosis
27
What happens to bone density after age 40?
Decreased bone density
28
Osteoporosis is a greater concern for which gender?
Women
29
What is one of the leading causes of physical disability?
Arthritis
30
What percentage of musculoskeletal injuries are sprains and strains?
51%
31
Who is more likely to experience hip fractures?
Women
32
Which type of assessment is important for evaluating the musculoskeletal system?
Subjective and objective assessments
33
What is a major consequence of falls in older adults?
Hip fractures
34
Which subjective symptom pertains to joints?
Stiffness
35
What is assessed regarding muscles in subjective evaluations?
Cramps
36
Which of the following is confirmed through objective assessments?
Skin temperature
37
What is a key aspect of inspection during an assessment?
Observe the size and contour of the joint.
38
What does palpation assess in the musculoskeletal evaluation?
Evaluates muscle quality
39
Which movement is specifically assessed in temporomandibular joint evaluations?
Vertical motion
40
What impact do self-care behaviors have on musculoskeletal health?
Assessment of exercise habits is essential.
41
Which sign would NOT be part of assessing joint health?
Temperature increase in feet
42
Which movement is NOT assessed in cervical spine evaluation?
Ankle Flexion
43
What is one of the movements evaluated in shoulder assessment?
Abduction
44
Which movement is NOT part of elbow examination?
Hyperextension
45
What test evaluates Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Phalen Test
46
In hip evaluation, what movement is done with the knee bent?
Flexion
47
Which movement is examined in the knee assessment?
Flexion
48
What additional assessment is done for knee examination?
Range of Motion during Ambulation
49
What is one of the movements assessed in ankle and foot evaluation?
Dorsiflexion
50
Which movement is NOT assessed in spine evaluation?
Plantar Flexion
51
What test helps in assessing herniated nucleus pulposus?
Straight Leg Raising Test
52
What is the focus of muscle strength testing?
Prime mover muscle groups for each joint
53
What spinal movements are evaluated during spinal assessment?
Flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation.
54
What test is performed to confirm a herniated nucleus pulposus?
Straight leg raising test (LaSegue test)
55
How is muscle strength tested in the musculoskeletal assessment?
By testing prime mover muscle groups for each joint.
56
What scale is used to grade muscle strength?
From no voluntary movement to full strength.
57
Why is understanding developmental milestones important?
To reference expected findings in children's motor development.
58
What is a key component in health promotion for musculoskeletal health?
Preventing osteoporosis through education.
59
Which demographic is more at risk for osteoporosis?
Women compared to men.
60
What dietary components are emphasized for musculoskeletal health?
Calcium and vitamin D.
61
Which type of exercise is important for strengthening bones?
Weight-bearing activities.
62
What lifestyle change is recommended to promote musculoskeletal health?
Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
63
What are some medical options discussed for osteoporosis prevention?
Medications that may help.
64
Which supplements are considered for musculoskeletal health?
Calcium and vitamin D supplements.

Jarvis: Physical Examination & Health Assessment, 4th Canadian Edition (38 decks)

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