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Jarvis: Physical Examination & Health Assessment, 4th Canadian Edition > Chapter 24: Musculo-Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 24: Musculo-Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary components of the musculoskeletal system?

A

Bones, joints, and muscles

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2
Q

What is one of the main functions of the musculoskeletal system?

A

Provides structural integrity to the body

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3
Q

How many bones are in the human skeleton?

A

206 bones

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4
Q

What type of tissue are bones and cartilage examples of?

A

Connective tissue

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5
Q

Which type of joint is characterized by being immovable?

A

Nonsynovial joints

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6
Q

What is the role of synovial fluid in synovial joints?

A

Enables smooth movement between surfaces

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7
Q

What percentage of body weight do muscles constitute?

A

40% to 50%

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8
Q

What type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movements?

A

Skeletal muscle

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9
Q

Which muscle type is specialized to function in the heart?

A

Cardiac muscle

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10
Q

What essential function of the musculoskeletal system involves producing red blood cells?

A

Hematopoiesis

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11
Q

Bones undergo continuous remodeling primarily to maintain what?

A

Bone health and strength

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12
Q

What is the primary function of synovial fluid?

A

Reduces friction in joints.

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13
Q

Which muscles are known as voluntary muscles?

A

Skeletal muscles.

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14
Q

Where are smooth muscles primarily found?

A

In internal organs.

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15
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

A

7 vertebrae.

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16
Q

What is the count of lumbar vertebrae?

A

5 vertebrae.

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17
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are present in the spine?

A

12 vertebrae.

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18
Q

What landmark is represented by the spinous processes of C7 and T1?

A

Base of the neck.

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19
Q

Which imaginary line connects the top of the iliac crests?

A

L4.

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20
Q

The inferior angle of the scapula is located at which interspace?

A

T7 and T8.

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21
Q

What is indicated by the posterior superior iliac spines?

A

Symmetric dimples over the spines.

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22
Q

Which joint is NOT part of the musculoskeletal system?

A

Elbow

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23
Q

At what stage does rapid bone growth occur?

A

Infancy

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24
Q

During childhood, bone growth is characterized as:

A

Steady growth

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25
Q

Where does bone lengthening occur during adolescence?

A

Epiphyses

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26
Q

What postural change is associated with pregnancy?

A

Progressive lordosis

27
Q

What happens to bone density after age 40?

A

Decreased bone density

28
Q

Osteoporosis is a greater concern for which gender?

A

Women

29
Q

What is one of the leading causes of physical disability?

A

Arthritis

30
Q

What percentage of musculoskeletal injuries are sprains and strains?

A

51%

31
Q

Who is more likely to experience hip fractures?

A

Women

32
Q

Which type of assessment is important for evaluating the musculoskeletal system?

A

Subjective and objective assessments

33
Q

What is a major consequence of falls in older adults?

A

Hip fractures

34
Q

Which subjective symptom pertains to joints?

A

Stiffness

35
Q

What is assessed regarding muscles in subjective evaluations?

A

Cramps

36
Q

Which of the following is confirmed through objective assessments?

A

Skin temperature

37
Q

What is a key aspect of inspection during an assessment?

A

Observe the size and contour of the joint.

38
Q

What does palpation assess in the musculoskeletal evaluation?

A

Evaluates muscle quality

39
Q

Which movement is specifically assessed in temporomandibular joint evaluations?

A

Vertical motion

40
Q

What impact do self-care behaviors have on musculoskeletal health?

A

Assessment of exercise habits is essential.

41
Q

Which sign would NOT be part of assessing joint health?

A

Temperature increase in feet

42
Q

Which movement is NOT assessed in cervical spine evaluation?

A

Ankle Flexion

43
Q

What is one of the movements evaluated in shoulder assessment?

A

Abduction

44
Q

Which movement is NOT part of elbow examination?

A

Hyperextension

45
Q

What test evaluates Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A

Phalen Test

46
Q

In hip evaluation, what movement is done with the knee bent?

A

Flexion

47
Q

Which movement is examined in the knee assessment?

A

Flexion

48
Q

What additional assessment is done for knee examination?

A

Range of Motion during Ambulation

49
Q

What is one of the movements assessed in ankle and foot evaluation?

A

Dorsiflexion

50
Q

Which movement is NOT assessed in spine evaluation?

A

Plantar Flexion

51
Q

What test helps in assessing herniated nucleus pulposus?

A

Straight Leg Raising Test

52
Q

What is the focus of muscle strength testing?

A

Prime mover muscle groups for each joint

53
Q

What spinal movements are evaluated during spinal assessment?

A

Flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation.

54
Q

What test is performed to confirm a herniated nucleus pulposus?

A

Straight leg raising test (LaSegue test)

55
Q

How is muscle strength tested in the musculoskeletal assessment?

A

By testing prime mover muscle groups for each joint.

56
Q

What scale is used to grade muscle strength?

A

From no voluntary movement to full strength.

57
Q

Why is understanding developmental milestones important?

A

To reference expected findings in children’s motor development.

58
Q

What is a key component in health promotion for musculoskeletal health?

A

Preventing osteoporosis through education.

59
Q

Which demographic is more at risk for osteoporosis?

A

Women compared to men.

60
Q

What dietary components are emphasized for musculoskeletal health?

A

Calcium and vitamin D.

61
Q

Which type of exercise is important for strengthening bones?

A

Weight-bearing activities.

62
Q

What lifestyle change is recommended to promote musculoskeletal health?

A

Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

63
Q

What are some medical options discussed for osteoporosis prevention?

A

Medications that may help.

64
Q

Which supplements are considered for musculoskeletal health?

A

Calcium and vitamin D supplements.

Jarvis: Physical Examination & Health Assessment, 4th Canadian Edition (39 decks)

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