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Jarvis: Physical Examination & Health Assessment, 4th Canadian Edition > Chapter 21: Peripheral Vascular System and Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 21: Peripheral Vascular System and Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the vascular system primarily transport?

A

Fluids like blood and lymph.

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2
Q

What is the primary function of arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the heart.

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3
Q

What allows arterial walls to stretch during systole?

A

Elastic fibers in the walls.

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4
Q

Which artery is NOT accessible for examination?

A

Aorta.

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5
Q

How do veins primarily function?

A

Drain deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

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6
Q

What prevents backflow of blood in veins?

A

Intraluminal valves.

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7
Q

Which mechanism aids blood movement in the venous system?

A

Skeletal muscle contraction.

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8
Q

What role does the pressure gradient from breathing play?

A

Aids in moving blood toward the heart.

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9
Q

Which veins are accessible for examination in the arms?

A

Superficial and deep veins.

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10
Q

How does skeletal muscle contraction aid blood flow?

A

It propels blood through veins towards the heart.

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11
Q

What effect does breathing have on blood movement?

A

It creates a pressure gradient that aids blood flow.

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12
Q

What is the role of intraluminal valves in veins?

A

To prevent backflow and ensure unidirectional blood flow.

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13
Q

Why are veins called capacitance vessels?

A

They can stretch to accommodate increased blood volume.

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14
Q

What is a major risk factor for venous stasis?

A

Prolonged positions like standing or sitting.

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15
Q

Which condition is NOT a contributing factor to venous stasis?

A

Increased physical activity.

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

A

To retrieve fluid from tissues and return it to blood.

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17
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct empty?

A

Into the right subclavian vein.

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18
Q

Which duct drains lymph from the majority of the body?

A

The thoracic duct.

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19
Q

What is one key function of the lymphatic system?

A

Fluid conservation and returning plasma proteins to blood.

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20
Q

What crucial role does the lymphatic system serve?

A

Defense against disease and absorption of lipids.

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21
Q

What is the primary structure of lymph nodes?

A

Small, oval clumps of lymphatic tissue.

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22
Q

What do lymph nodes do with lymph fluid?

A

They filter it and remove harmful organisms.

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23
Q

What causes lymph nodes to become swollen and tender?

A

Local inflammation in the affected area.

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24
Q

Which lymph nodes drain the head and neck?

A

Cervical nodes.

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25
Q

What is one function of the spleen?

A

Destruction of old red blood cells.

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26
Q

Which tonsils are located at the entrance to the respiratory tract?

A

Palatine tonsils.

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27
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

Behind the sternum in the mediastinum.

28
Q

What is the key developmental consideration regarding lymph nodes in children?

A

Lymph nodes are relatively larger and palpable.

29
Q

What do lymphocytes do when exposed to pathogens in lymph nodes?

A

Mount an antigen-specific response to eliminate them.

30
Q

What is primarily developed in the thymus during childhood?

A

T lymphocytes for the immune system.

31
Q

What happens to the thymus in adults?

A

It serves no function.

32
Q

What characteristic do lymph nodes have in children?

A

They are relatively large and more easily palpable.

33
Q

What vascular changes occur in pregnant women?

A

Vasodilation leading to decreased blood pressure.

34
Q

What common conditions can result from vascular changes in pregnancy?

A

Edema, varicosities, and hemorrhoids.

35
Q

What age-related change affects older adults’ blood vessels?

A

Rigid vessels due to arteriosclerosis.

36
Q

What is the increased risk older adults face due to vascular changes?

A

Peripheral artery disease.

37
Q

Which symptom should be assessed through subjective data collection?

A

Leg pain or cramps.

38
Q

What skin changes should be investigated on the arms or legs?

A

Any discoloration or lesions.

39
Q

What should be assessed for signs of vascular issues?

A

The arms for any abnormalities.

40
Q

What characteristics should be observed in hands and arms during assessment?

A

Skin color, temperature, texture, and turgor.

41
Q

What should be assessed when checking the capillary refill?

A

Capillary refill time.

42
Q

What aspects are evaluated in radial pulse assessment?

A

Rate, rhythm, elasticity, and force.

43
Q

Why do we check epitrochlear nodes?

A

They are typically not palpable.

44
Q

What is the purpose of the Modified Allen Test?

A

Assess collateral circulation before arterial cannulation.

45
Q

What characteristics should be inspected in the legs?

A

Color, hair distribution, venous pattern, size.

46
Q

What should you palpate in the feet and legs?

A

Temperature.

47
Q

Which pulses should be palpated besides inguinal nodes?

A

Femoral, Popliteal, Posterior Tibial, Dorsalis Pedis.

48
Q

How is pretibial edema typically graded?

A

Using a four-point scale.

49
Q

What weight change in 24 hours warrants immediate concern?

A

> 2.5 kg weight gain.

50
Q

What additional tests are recommended during assessment?

A

Manual compression, color change, and leg strength tests.

51
Q

What weight gain in 24 hours indicates a concern for fluid status?

A

Greater than 2.5 kg.

52
Q

What is a more reliable indicator of fluid status?

A

Daily weight monitoring.

53
Q

Which test is used to assess vascular health?

A

Manual compression test.

54
Q

What does a Doppler ultrasound evaluate?

A

Peripheral pulses and ankle-brachial index.

55
Q

How are lymph nodes in healthy infants characterized?

A

Easily palpable.

56
Q

What common issue is observed in pregnant women regarding vascular health?

A

Diffuse bilateral pitting edema.

57
Q

What may challenge locating certain pulses in older adults?

A

Trophic changes.

58
Q

What should patients do daily for foot care?

A

Check their feet.

59
Q

What principle helps maintain blood flow to the feet?

A

Keep moving and exercising.

60
Q

Which type of footwear is recommended for foot care?

A

Shoes that fit comfortably.

61
Q

What guidelines should be referred to for foot care?

A

Canadian Podiatric Medical Society.

62
Q

What should you do to promote foot health?

A

Keep moving and exercising

63
Q

What should you avoid to protect your feet?

A

Avoid standing too long

64
Q

What is a good practice for foot care?

A

Sit frequently

65
Q

What type of shoes should you wear for foot care?

A

Shoes that fit comfortably

66
Q

Which guidelines should be referred to for foot care?

A

Canadian Podiatric Medical Society

Jarvis: Physical Examination & Health Assessment, 4th Canadian Edition (38 decks)

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