Chapter 21: Peripheral Vascular System and Lymphatic System

Question 1

What does the vascular system primarily transport?

Answer 1

Fluids like blood and lymph.

Question 2

What is the primary function of arteries?

Answer 2

Carry blood away from the heart.

Question 3

What allows arterial walls to stretch during systole?

Answer 3

Elastic fibers in the walls.

Question 4

Which artery is NOT accessible for examination?

Answer 4

Aorta.

Question 5

How do veins primarily function?

Answer 5

Drain deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Question 6

What prevents backflow of blood in veins?

Answer 6

Intraluminal valves.

Question 7

Which mechanism aids blood movement in the venous system?

Answer 7

Skeletal muscle contraction.

Question 8

What role does the pressure gradient from breathing play?

Answer 8

Aids in moving blood toward the heart.

Question 9

Which veins are accessible for examination in the arms?

Answer 9

Superficial and deep veins.

Question 10

How does skeletal muscle contraction aid blood flow?

Answer 10

It propels blood through veins towards the heart.

Question 11

What effect does breathing have on blood movement?

Answer 11

It creates a pressure gradient that aids blood flow.

Question 12

What is the role of intraluminal valves in veins?

Answer 12

To prevent backflow and ensure unidirectional blood flow.

Question 13

Why are veins called capacitance vessels?

Answer 13

They can stretch to accommodate increased blood volume.

Question 14

What is a major risk factor for venous stasis?

Answer 14

Prolonged positions like standing or sitting.

Question 15

Which condition is NOT a contributing factor to venous stasis?

Answer 15

Increased physical activity.

Question 16

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 16

To retrieve fluid from tissues and return it to blood.

Question 17

Where does the right lymphatic duct empty?

Answer 17

Into the right subclavian vein.

Question 18

Which duct drains lymph from the majority of the body?

Answer 18

The thoracic duct.

Question 19

What is one key function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 19

Fluid conservation and returning plasma proteins to blood.

Question 20

What crucial role does the lymphatic system serve?

Answer 20

Defense against disease and absorption of lipids.

Question 21

What is the primary structure of lymph nodes?

Answer 21

Small, oval clumps of lymphatic tissue.

Question 22

What do lymph nodes do with lymph fluid?

Answer 22

They filter it and remove harmful organisms.

Question 23

What causes lymph nodes to become swollen and tender?

Answer 23

Local inflammation in the affected area.

Question 24

Which lymph nodes drain the head and neck?

Answer 24

Cervical nodes.

Question 25

What is one function of the spleen?

Answer 25

Destruction of old red blood cells.

Question 26

Which tonsils are located at the entrance to the respiratory tract?

Answer 26

Palatine tonsils.

Question 27

Where is the thymus located?

Answer 27

Behind the sternum in the mediastinum.

Question 28

What is the key developmental consideration regarding lymph nodes in children?

Answer 28

Lymph nodes are relatively larger and palpable.

Question 29

What do lymphocytes do when exposed to pathogens in lymph nodes?

Answer 29

Mount an antigen-specific response to eliminate them.

Question 30

What is primarily developed in the thymus during childhood?

Answer 30

T lymphocytes for the immune system.

Question 31

What happens to the thymus in adults?

Answer 31

It serves no function.

Question 32

What characteristic do lymph nodes have in children?

Answer 32

They are relatively large and more easily palpable.

Question 33

What vascular changes occur in pregnant women?

Answer 33

Vasodilation leading to decreased blood pressure.

Question 34

What common conditions can result from vascular changes in pregnancy?

Answer 34

Edema, varicosities, and hemorrhoids.

Question 35

What age-related change affects older adults' blood vessels?

Answer 35

Rigid vessels due to arteriosclerosis.

Question 36

What is the increased risk older adults face due to vascular changes?

Answer 36

Peripheral artery disease.

Question 37

Which symptom should be assessed through subjective data collection?

Answer 37

Leg pain or cramps.

Question 38

What skin changes should be investigated on the arms or legs?

Answer 38

Any discoloration or lesions.

Question 39

What should be assessed for signs of vascular issues?

Answer 39

The arms for any abnormalities.

Question 40

What characteristics should be observed in hands and arms during assessment?

Answer 40

Skin color, temperature, texture, and turgor.

Question 41

What should be assessed when checking the capillary refill?

Answer 41

Capillary refill time.

Question 42

What aspects are evaluated in radial pulse assessment?

Answer 42

Rate, rhythm, elasticity, and force.

Question 43

Why do we check epitrochlear nodes?

Answer 43

They are typically not palpable.

Question 44

What is the purpose of the Modified Allen Test?

Answer 44

Assess collateral circulation before arterial cannulation.

Question 45

What characteristics should be inspected in the legs?

Answer 45

Color, hair distribution, venous pattern, size.

Question 46

What should you palpate in the feet and legs?

Answer 46

Temperature.

Question 47

Which pulses should be palpated besides inguinal nodes?

Answer 47

Femoral, Popliteal, Posterior Tibial, Dorsalis Pedis.

Question 48

How is pretibial edema typically graded?

Answer 48

Using a four-point scale.

Question 49

What weight change in 24 hours warrants immediate concern?

Answer 49

> 2.5 kg weight gain.

Question 50

What additional tests are recommended during assessment?

Answer 50

Manual compression, color change, and leg strength tests.

Question 51

What weight gain in 24 hours indicates a concern for fluid status?

Answer 51

Greater than 2.5 kg.

Question 52

What is a more reliable indicator of fluid status?

Answer 52

Daily weight monitoring.

Question 53

Which test is used to assess vascular health?

Answer 53

Manual compression test.

Question 54

What does a Doppler ultrasound evaluate?

Answer 54

Peripheral pulses and ankle-brachial index.

Question 55

How are lymph nodes in healthy infants characterized?

Answer 55

Easily palpable.

Question 56

What common issue is observed in pregnant women regarding vascular health?

Answer 56

Diffuse bilateral pitting edema.

Question 57

What may challenge locating certain pulses in older adults?

Answer 57

Trophic changes.

Question 58

What should patients do daily for foot care?

Answer 58

Check their feet.

Question 59

What principle helps maintain blood flow to the feet?

Answer 59

Keep moving and exercising.

Question 60

Which type of footwear is recommended for foot care?

Answer 60

Shoes that fit comfortably.

Question 61

What guidelines should be referred to for foot care?

Answer 61

Canadian Podiatric Medical Society.

Question 62

What should you do to promote foot health?

Answer 62

Keep moving and exercising

Question 63

What should you avoid to protect your feet?

Answer 63

Avoid standing too long

Question 64

What is a good practice for foot care?

Answer 64

Sit frequently

Question 65

What type of shoes should you wear for foot care?

Answer 65

Shoes that fit comfortably

Question 66

Which guidelines should be referred to for foot care?

Answer 66

Canadian Podiatric Medical Society