Chapter 2.12

Question 1

Bureaucracy

Answer 1

Hierarchy of executive branch employees. They interpret, administer, and enforce laws.

Question 2

Cabinet Secretaries

Answer 2

Upper positions, many need Senate confirmations. Tend to be in the president’s party.

Question 3

Departments

Answer 3

How the presidential oversees the executive branch. Each is directed by a cabinet secretary.

Question 4

Agencies

Answer 4

Smaller parts of departments that focus on the smaller goals. Some aren’t connected to departments.

Question 5

Iron Triangles

Answer 5

Relationship between the bureaucracy, a congressional committee, and an interest group.

Question 6

Patronage

Answer 6

Rewarding loyal party leaders with federal jobs.

Question 7

Spoils System

Answer 7

Appointing people and expecting loyalty.

Question 8

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Answer 8

Prevents constant reward to loyal party members.

Question 9

Merit System

Answer 9

Competitive written exams for job applications.

Question 10

Civil Service Commissions

Answer 10

Oversees process and stops federal employees from contributing to political campaigns.

Question 11

Civil Service Reform Act

Answer 11

How a bureaucrat is dismissed, balance genders, more presidential appointments, and promotes merit.

Question 12

Office of Personal Management (OPM)

Answer 12

Runs the merit system, coordinates application progress, and promotes public service.

Question 13

National Performance Review (NPR)

Answer 13

Clinton’s document in assessing the bureaucracy. Helped to identify problems.