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S/F II > Chapter 20 heart part 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 heart part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the amount of blood pumped by EACH ventricle in 1 minute called?

A

Cardiac Output

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2
Q

What is the cardiac output equation?

A

CO = HR x Stroke Volume

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3
Q

What is the number of heart beats per minute called?

A

HR

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4
Q

What is the volume of blood pumped out by 1 ventricle with each beat called?

A

Stroke Volume (SV)

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5
Q

SV correlates with force of ___________

A

ventricular contraction

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6
Q

The entire blood supply passes through each side of the heart ______ per minute

A

1x

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7
Q

The heart is a _____ pump

A

Double

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8
Q

Left sided heart failure is called _______

A

pulmonary congestion

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9
Q

in pulmonary congestion, the ______ side is fully functional, and the _____ side has inadequate ejection

A

right
left

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10
Q

In pulmonary congestion, as the blood vessels in the lungs fill with blood _____________ increases and _____ leaks into the lung tissue

A

Pressure
fluid

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11
Q

In pulmonary congestion, when the fluid leaks into the lungs it causes _________ which in turn leads to

A

pulmonary edema
suffocation

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12
Q

What is right sided heart failure also called

A

Peripheral Congestion

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13
Q

In peripheral congestion, the blood is _____

A

stagnant

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14
Q

In peripheral congestion, the blood pools in the tissue spaces so the body cannot obtain adequate ____ + _____ and remove _________

A

nutrients +O2

wastes

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15
Q

In peripheral congestion, there is swelling in the ________

A

extremities

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16
Q

failure in one side of the heart causes _____ on the other, which leads to ____________

A

strain

Complete heart failure

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17
Q

Treatment for heart failure (4)

A

diuretics
Decrease BP
Digitalis (increases contractility)
heart transplant

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18
Q

When a temporary depression is formed in the skin on applying pressure its called __________

A

pitting edema

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19
Q

If drop in BV/ heart weak and SV drops, Cardiac output is maintained via ______ and _______

A

increased HR and contractility

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20
Q

What influence HR via homeostatic mechanisms?

A

Temporary stressors

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21
Q

What are the 3 temporary stressors?

A

neural, chemical, physical

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22
Q

Factors that increase HR are ________

A

+ chronotropic factors

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23
Q

Factors that decrease HR are _________

A
  • Chronotropic factors
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24
Q

Normal HR is …

A

60-100

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25
> 100 bpm is
Tachycardia
26
<60 bpm is
Bradycardia
27
Triggers of tachycardia are (4)
stress elevated temp Drugs heart disease
28
Persistent tachycardia is ________
pathological
29
Triggers of bradycardia are (3)
low temp Drugs PNS
30
bradycardia may be a warning of ________ after trauma
brain edema
31
What is the most important extrinsic control affecting HR
ANS
32
Emotional and physical stressor activate the _________
SNS
33
Norepinephrine is released at cardiac synapses and binds to _______ receptors in the heart causing SA node to fire more rapidly
beta 1 adrenergic receptors
34
What are the 2 regulators of the heart
hormonal and ions
35
What are 2 hormones that regulate HR
Epi and thyroxine
36
What hormone is secrete by the adrenal medulla
epi
37
What hormone increase BMR, directs heart action, and enhances epi and NE effect
thyroxine
38
hypocalcemia _____ HR hypercalcemia _____ HR
decreased increases
39
Excess elevation of calcium can lead to _______
life threatening arrythmias
40
What depolarizes RMP and leads to heart block or cardiac arrest
hyperkalemia
41
Hypokalemia is life threating and can cause ______
arrhythmias
42
What are other factors that effect regulation of HR (4)
Age gender exercise body temps
43
What is fetus HR?
140-160 bpm
44
avg HR for females vs males females _____ males_____
72-80 64-72
45
Heat increases HR by increasing _________ of cardiac cells
Basale metabolic rate
46
What is irregular heart rhythm due to intrinsic conduction system defects
arrythmia
47
Arrhythmias are caused from _________ atrial and ventricular contractions
uncoordinated
48
What is rapid and irregular out of sync contractions where SA node control is disrupted by rapid activity in other parts of the heart
Fibrillation
49
What is like a squirming bag of worms, useless as pump
fibrillation
50
if in fibrillation the need for ________ is ASAP
defibrillation
51
What uses an electrical shock to disrupt twitching by depolarizing the entire myocardium
defibrillation
52
What does constant monitoring of the heart rhythms and slows an abnormally fast HR or shock given when heart fibrillates
implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs)
53
Prolonged coronary blockage with ischemia for >20 minutes causes ______
MI
54
Cardiac tissue is amitotic so once dead its replaced with ________
noncontractile scar tissue
55
Symptoms of MI (4)
CP (to left arm, shoulder, jaw) SOB N/V Diaphoretic (sweating)
56
_____ amount of females so not have CP with MI
40% have fatigue, dizzy, abdominal pain
57
What is the most common cause of MI
thrombus formation in coronary artery
58
What surgery inserts a small balloon into the femoral artery to coronary artery, inflated, and flatten deposits
Angioplasty
59
Angioplasties are used to place a ______
stent
60
What surgery relieves effects of obstructions, using the radial artery, saphenous vein, and internal mammary artery
coronary bypass (CABG)
61
What breaks down clots?
tPA

S/F II (33 decks)

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