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S/F II > Ch 24 Digestive Part 2 > Flashcards

Ch 24 Digestive Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the protective lining of the mouth/oral cavity

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

What are the 2 regions of the mouth

A

-vestibule (space between lips, cheeks and teeth

-oral cavity proper (medial to teeth)

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3
Q

What is the posterior arches area boundary of the mouth that is the opening to the oropharynx

A

Fauces

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4
Q

What parts of the mouth play a role in mastication and speech (but its not teeth)

A

lips and cheeks

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5
Q

What part of the mouth is the attachment of lip to the gingiva in the vestibule

A

labial frenulum

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6
Q

What part of the mouth separates the oral and nasal cavities and prevents food passage into the nasal cavity as chew and swallow

A

palate

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7
Q

What part of the mouth is anchored to the floor of the mouth by the lingual frenulum and helps to aid in mastication and swallowing

A

tongue

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8
Q

What is the role of teeth/dentition

A

mastication of food, aid in speech

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9
Q

What are the four types of teeth

A

incisors
canines (eyetooth)
premolars (bicuspids)
molars

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10
Q

What type of tooth cuts/ bites the food

A

incisors

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11
Q

What type of tooth tear flesh

A

canines

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12
Q

What type of tooth premolar grind and crush

A

premolars

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13
Q

What are the baby teeth called and how many are there

A

deciduous teeth (milk or primary)

20!
2,1,0,2 x2

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14
Q

What age do central incisors come in

A

6M

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15
Q

What are adult teeth called and how many are there

A

permanent teeth

32!
2,1,2,3 x2

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16
Q

What are the 3rd molars that emerge bewteen 17-25 and if are impacted must be excised

A

wisdom teeth

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17
Q

What are the 2 major regions of a tooth

A

crown and root

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18
Q

The crown of the tooth is covered in what hard substance that is exposed above the gingiva

A

enamel (hardest substance in the body)

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19
Q

The neck of the tooth is embedded in what area

A

gingiva area

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20
Q

The root of the tooth is embedded in what area to anchor the tooth in the bone

A

jawline

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21
Q

What is the bulk of the tooth called

A

dentin

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22
Q

What part of the tooth is flexible and acts as a shock absorber during biting and chewing

A

dentin

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23
Q

What contains CT, BV, and nerves that extends into the root and becomes the root canal

A

pulp cavity

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24
Q

What occurs when bacteria demineralizes enamel

A

dental caries (cavities)

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25
What occurs from plaque adherence to teeth, that accumulates and calcifies forming tartar
decay
26
What is inflamed, red, sore, swollen, and bleeding gums called that can be reversed from tartar removal
gingivitis
27
What are pockets of infection that form deep pockets around teeth, that destroy the periodontal ligament, and osteoclasts activate and dissolve the bone
peridontal disease
28
Periodontal disease affects ______% of all people over 35, and accounts for 80-90% of all adult tooth loss
95%
29
What is the chewing of food, where teeth cut, tear, crush, and grind
mastication
30
mastication breaks large food particles into smaller ones, which increases what
surface area
31
What digests food molecules at the surface
digestive enzymes
32
mastication as stretch reflexes allow for continues jaw movements is partially _______ and partly _________
voluntary reflexive
33
What secretes saliva and plays a role in cleansing the mouth, dissolving food chemicals for taste, moistening food, and compacting food into a bolus
salivary glands
34
What enzyme does saliva contain that begins carbohydrate digestion
salivary amylase
35
What are the 3 salivary glands
parotid submandibular sublingual
36
What salivary gland may become inflamed or swollen due to mumps which is a viral childhood disease
parotid
37
What is 97% water, with N, K, and CL electrolytes, salivary amylase, mucin, lysozyme, IgA, and metabolic wastes that is a combo of serous and mucous secretions
saliva
38
What stimulates saliva production
smell or sight of food
39
What is swallowing also called
deglutition
40
What are the 3 phases of swallowing
voluntary phase pharyngeal phase esophageal phase
41
What phase of swallowing involves the buccal where food is compacted by the tongue into a bolus, which moves posteriorly
voluntary phase
42
What involuntary phase of swallowing involves movement into the pharynx with respiration momentarily inhibited, with successive constriction of the pharyngeal constrictors, and the upper esophageal sphincter relaxes
pharyngeal phase
43
What phase of swallowing involves is peristalsis of the esophagus, as food arrives in the stomach and the sphincter closes to prevent regurgitation
esophageal phase
44
What 2 parts of the pharynx are involved with digestion
oropharynx and laryngopharynx
45
What blocks the opening to the larynx to keep food and drink from entering it
epiglottis
46
What is the muscular passageway for food to the stomach that has glands that secrete mucus to aid in food passage
esophagus
47
The esophagus pierces the diaphragm at what point
esophageal hiatus
48
What protective tissue makes up the esophagus
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
49
The muscularis externa of the esophagus is split into the upper third being ____, middle being _______, and flower third being _______ (what kind of muscles)
skeletal skeletal and smooth skeletal
50
What is the outmost CT layer of the esophagus
adventitia
51
What is seen at both ends of the esophagus
esophageal sphincter
52
What occurs due to a weakened gastroesophageal sphincter where the upper stomach protrudes into the thoracic cavity and can enlarge from stress and strain
hiatal hernia
53
What disease occurs from gastric juice entering the esophagus (especially when supine)
GERD
54
What can of hiatal hernia is 95% of all hernias with it sliding up and down
Type 1/ sliding
55
What are risk factors for hiatal hernias (5)
age, obesity, smoking, CP, Heartburn
56
Dx for hiatal hernia
esophageal manometry endoscopy
57
TX for hiatal hernia (3)
watchful waiting medication (reduce acid) surgery (fundoplication=tighten)
58
What occurs when stomach acid backflows into the esophagus and irritates it
GERD
59
Sx of GERD (7)
heartburn CP dysphagia sense lump in throat brackish mouth taste regurgitation hoarseness
60
GERD is caused from the weaking and relaxing of what in the esophagus
LES
61
Risk factors for GERD (10)
obese hiatal hernia pregnant scleroderma delayed stomach emptying smoking eating late fat/fried food Alc/coffee aspirin
62
Complications of GERD
esophagitis --> ulcers esophageal stricture Barrett esophagus ---> esophageal CA
63
DX of GERD
upper endoscopy esophageal manometry
64
TX for GERD (7)
elevate head antacids histamines PPI nissen fundoplication LINX device lifestyle mods
65
What is the storage and mixing chamber of the GI tract
stomach
66
What are the 4 regions of the stomach
cardia fundus body pylorus
67
The body of the stomach is split into the Greater and Lesser __________
curvature
68
What is the valve at the top of the stomach and whats at the bottom
LES - top pyloric valve - bottom
69
What are large folds in the stomach that allows mucosa and submucosa to stretch and stomach volume to increase
rugae
70
Gastric pits into glands where _______ is secreted
acid
71
What cells secrete HCL that kills bacteria and also intrinsic factor
parietal cells
72
What does intrinsic factor bind to that continues RBC production
Vit B12
73
If theres a lack of intrinsic factor what problem can happen
pernicious anemia (and peripheral neuropathy)
74
Chief cells in the stomach produce __________
pepsinogen (that turns to pepsin)
75
In the stomach, surface mucous cells have ___________ that produce alkaline mucus and neutralizes acid
tight junctions

S/F II (33 decks)

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