Ch 23 Respiratory part 2

Question 1

What is it called when smooth muscle relaxes, making bronchiole diameter larger

Answer 1

bronchodilation

Question 2

What is it called when smooth muscle contracts, making bronchiole diameter smaller (flow of air decreases as resistance to airflow increases)

Answer 2

bronchoconstriction

Question 3

According to what law, is resistance to airflow proportional to the diameter of a tube

Answer 3

poiseuille’s law

Question 4

What action increases bronchodilation, reduces resistance to air flow, and increases air movement?

Answer 4

exercise

Question 5

What is an inflammatory chemical release of leukotrienes that causes severe bronchoconstriction that can cause death

Answer 5

asthma attack

Question 6

What is the medication that counteracts asthma attacks by promoting smooth muscle relaxation in walls of terminal bronchioles so air can freely flow

Answer 6

albuterol

Question 7

What action is the movement of air into and out of the lungs (involves muscles of ventilation and air pressure gradients)

Answer 7

pulmonary ventilation

Question 8

What ventilation action involves more air in the lungs due to inspiratory muscle activity that causes more forceful contraction than normal, so there is greater thoracic volume

Answer 8

labored pulmonary ventilation

Question 9

What term means the internal intercostals and abdominal muscles produce a faster and greater decrease in thoracic volume compared to passive recoil of thorax and lungs

Answer 9

forceful contraction

Question 10

What kind of relationship is between pressure and volume

Answer 10

inverse

Question 11

What is boyles law?

Answer 11

gas pressure = constant temperature/ volume

Question 12

When we inspire, air pressure within the thoracic cavity _________

Answer 12

decreases

Question 13

When we expire, air pressure in the thoracic cavity __________ (bc volume in thoracic cavity decreases)

Answer 13

increases

Question 14

The greater the pressure difference (pressure gradient), the ______ the flow rate

Answer 14

faster

Question 15

Muscle contraction:
(increase or decrease)

_____ volume
_____ Pressure

so air does …..

Answer 15

increase

decrease

air flows in

Question 16

Muscle relaxation:
(increase or decrease)

_____ volume
_____ Pressure

so air does …..

Answer 16

decreases

increases

air flows out

Question 17

What is the process of measuring volumes of air moving in and out of respiratory system

Answer 17

spirometry

Question 18

What is the device or toll used to measure pulmonary volumes

Answer 18

spirometer

Question 19

The spirometer cannot measure what 2 things

Answer 19

Residual volume and TLC

Question 20

What pulmonary volume is normal, quiet volume of air inspired and expired with each breath (~500 ml)

Answer 20

tidal volume

Question 21

What pulmonary volume is the amount of air inspired forcefully after normal inspiration (~3100)

Answer 21

Inspiratory Reserve volume (IVR)

Question 22

What pulmonary volume is the amount of air that can be forcefully expired after a normal expiration (~1200)

Answer 22

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Question 23

What pulmonary volume is the volume of air remaining in respiratory passages and lungs after most forceful expiration (~2100) and allows for continued gas exchange

Answer 23

Residual volume (RV)

Question 24

What pulmonary volume is the maximal amount you can expire after a maximal inspiration (~4800)

Answer 24

vital capacity

Question 25

What pulmonary volume is is the sum of VC and RV (~6000)

Answer 25

total lung capacity (TCL)

Question 26

What is the maximum amount of air you can forcibly exhale from lungs after fully inhaling called (~80% of total capacity)

Answer 26

forced vital capacity (FVC)

Question 27

What measurement is forced out in 1 second, the volume of air exhaled in first second under force after maximal inhalation

Answer 27

Forced Expiratory Volume

Question 28

What measurement is the % of FVC expired in 1 second

Answer 28

FEV1/ FVC ratio

Question 29

What are 3 examples of obstructive lung diseases

Answer 29

COPD Emphysema Chronic bronchitis

Question 30

What are 3 examples of restrictive lung diseases

Answer 30

polio TB fractured ribs

Question 31

What is the measurement of the amount of air moved through the respiratory system in 1 minute

Answer 31

Minute Respiratory Volume (MRV)

Question 32

how do you calculate MRV?

Answer 32

TV x resp rate

Question 33

What are 3 factors affecting pulmonary ventilation

Answer 33

gender/age/size/physical conditioning disease states compliance of lungs

Question 34

What compliance of the lung problem involves decrease in inelastic fibers?

Answer 34

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 35

What compliance of the lung problem involves collapse of alveoli

Answer 35

pulmonary edema

Question 36

What compliance of the lung problem involves airway obstruction

Answer 36

asthma

Question 37

What compliance of the lung problem involves deformities of the thoracic wall (2)

Answer 37

kyphosis, scoliosis

Question 38

If you lose lung elasticity, it is easier to expand lungs so there's greater compliance, but what bad thing happens?

Answer 38

recoil decreases

Question 39

What disease state involves alveolar wall degeneration

Answer 39

emphysema

Question 40

What term describes the ease of returning to original shape, after elasticity or stretch and expiration

Answer 40

lung recoil

Question 41

lung recoil occurs due to elastic recoil and what kind of tension

Answer 41

surface

Question 42

Immature lungs do not make enough ________ so they might collapse without it

Answer 42

surfactant

Question 43

What respiratory syndrome is common in premature infants with gestation <28 weeks

Answer 43

infant respiratory distress syndrome

Question 44

to prevent infant respiratory distress syndrome, you can treat the pregnant woman with what?

Answer 44

cortisol -- crosses placenta and promotes surfactant production

Question 45

What is pressure in the pleural cavity between the parietal and visceral pleura that pulls lungs outward and aids in alveolar expansion

Answer 45

pleural pressure

Question 46

separate of pleurae can increase pressure in the pleura that can cause what to happen

Answer 46

pneumothorax

Question 47

What is a sudden collapse of the lung called?

Answer 47

pneumothorax

Question 48

What are the two major causes of pneumothorax

Answer 48

penetrating trauma nonpenetrating trauma

Question 49

What kind of lung trauma occurs from being stabbed, shot, or fractured rib

Answer 49

penetrating trauma

Question 50

What kind of lung trauma occurs from a blow to the chest, medical procedure (catheter), disease, and severe spastic cough

Answer 50

nonpenetrating trauma

Question 51

What is the 2 Tx for pneumothorax

Answer 51

chest tube (reexpand lung) surgery

Question 52

What kind of pneumothorax occurs when pressure in the pleural cavity is higher than atmospheric pressure

Answer 52

tension pneumothorax

Question 53

What are Sx of tension pneumothorax

Answer 53

large are collection in pleural space (from MVA) CP SOB rapid RR hypotension hypoxia

Question 54

What is the triad of a tension pneumothorax

Answer 54

collapsing lung, shift in mediastinum, and rebreathing (need needle decompression)