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S/F II > Ch 24 Digestive part 5 > Flashcards

Ch 24 Digestive part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The large intestine spans from the ileocecal valve to the ______ (5ft)

A

anus

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2
Q

What are the 4 parts of the large intestines

A

cecum
colon
rectum
anal canal

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3
Q

what are the 4 divisions of the colon

A

ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid colon

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4
Q

What cells coats the lining of the large intestines

A

simple columnar epithelia

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5
Q

How long does it take to pass through the large intestines when chyme turns to feces

A

(18-24 hrs)

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6
Q

What is absorbs water and salts, the secretion of mucus, and extensive MO action which is stores until eliminated via defecation

A

feces

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7
Q

The colon is visible on film by filling the colon with what liquid suspension

A

barium sulfate

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8
Q

What is the proximal end of the large intestines where the small intestines join the ileocecal valve

A

cecum

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9
Q

What is a small blind tube that contains lymph nodules for immunity

A

vermiform appendix

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10
Q

What is inflammation that occurs due to obstruction from the blockage of mucous secretions or intestinal contents causing enlargement and pain and bacterial infection

A

appendicitis

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11
Q

what the sx of appendicitis

A

sudden onset abdom pain
localizes to RLQ at Mcburneys point

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12
Q

Tx for appendicitis

A

appendectomy to avoid burst

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13
Q

If the appendix burst what life threatening infection could occur

A

peritonitis

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14
Q

What part of the colon has the cecum moving superiorly up the right right side, ending at the right colic flexure (hepatic)

A

ascending

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15
Q

What part of the colon spans across the right colic flexure to the left colic flexure (splenic)

A

transverse

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16
Q

What part of the colon spans from the left colic flexure down left side to the superior true pelvis opening

A

descending

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17
Q

What part of the colon has an S shaped tube extending into the pelvis and ends at the rectum

A

sigmoid colon

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18
Q

what are the 3 specializations of the colon

A

haustra (puckering)
epiploic appendages (fat puches)
teniae coli (3 bands)

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19
Q

What is the straight muscular tube spanning from the distal end of the sigmoid colon to the anal canal with a thick muscularis layer

A

rectum

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20
Q

what is the last 2-3 cm at the end of the digestive tract that spans the inferior rectum to the anus

A

anal canal

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21
Q

The anal canal has very thick smooth muscle forming the ____________

A

internal anal sphincter

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22
Q

the anal canal has skeletal muscle that forms the _________ at the inferior end

A

external anal sphincter

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23
Q

The superior epithelium of the anal canal is _________
and the inferior epithelium is _____________

A

simple columnar

stratified squamous

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24
Q

What is a condition where rectal veins supplying the anal canal enlarge and become enflamed with pain, itching, and anal bleeding

A

hemorrhoids

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25
Tx for hemorrhoids
diet changes medications
26
what bacteria causes the global epidemic hospital acquired diarrhea
clostridium difficile
27
The role of C diff in the colon is to synthesize vitamin K and breakdown cellulose into ___________
glucose
28
The normal gut microbiota prevents infections from c diff because of___________
competition with pathogens
29
When on Abx, c diff spreads and causes life threatening __________
diarrhea
30
Tx for c diff
specific abx but they are becoming resistant! and spores can regrow
31
What is an intestinal fecal transplant used to treat
c diff
32
Fecal transplants should be from what kind of donor
1st or 2nd degree family members
33
feces are mixed with _______ and filtered before being introduced to a recipients GI tract
physiological saline
34
For an upper GI route fecal transplant, what kind of tube transfers material to the recipients intestines in an easy and cheap way
gastroscope or nasogastric (NG) tube
35
in a lower GI route fecal transplant, what is used to transfer fecal matter to the intestines
colonoscopy or enema
36
what is the risk of upper GI fecal transplant route
not reaching large intestines or vomit fecal matter
37
what is the risk of lower GI fecal transplant route
large intestine perforation
38
What is the major secretion product from goblet cells on mucosa, increasing production with the PNS?
mucus
39
Mucus is used for what two things in the large intestine
lubrication of walls help feces stick together
40
Feces is made of what 4 things
water indigestible food, MOs, and sloughed off epithelial cells
41
What feces occurs with increased frequency and and watery content
diarrhea
42
What is produced via bacteria in the large intestine, with the amount depending on specific bacterial populations in the large intestines and the type of food consumed
flatus (gas)
43
how many valves in the rectum separate feces from flatus
3
44
What is it called when you have less frequency to go, from lack of fiber, not drinking fluids, hard stools, or too much water being absorbed
constipation
45
What do strong contractions of the transverse and descending colon do 3/4x a day
mass movement
46
Large intestine movement in controlled by what 2 reflexes
gastrocolic (distension of stomach) duodenocolic (distension of duodenum)
47
What is the movement of the large intestine mediated by (2)
PS reflexes hormone CCK
48
What is it called when contractions move feces towards the anus, and coordinate with relaxation of internal and external anal sphincters, usually with PS reflex help
defecation
49
What prevents defecation with cough or exertion
anal sphincters
50
What is it called when the external anal sphincter (skele muscle) is voluntarily controlled to expel feces
conscious control
51
What maneuver is straining, or the defecation reflex
valsalva maneuver
52
What 2 things is Valsalva maneuver also used for
childbirth and urination
53
What is the breakdown of food into nutrients, which are absorbed into blood
digestion
54
What kind of digestion involves mastication to break large food particles into smaller ones
mechanical (physical)
55
What kind of digestion involves enzymes that speed up chemical reactions
chemical
56
What is the movement of molecules out of the GI tract into the blood, especially in the jejunum
absorption
57
What are 2 exceptions to absorption happening in the small intestines (when does it not absorb there)
nitroglycerin (sublingual) Alc/ ASA (stomach)
58
Once absorbed, water soluble digestive products like Glc and Amino acids move through the hepatic portal system to the ________
liver
59
once absorbed, lipid metabolism products move through the lymph capillaries, to the thoracic duct, to the left subclavian vein, to the blood finally ending up in what two spots
adipose or liver
60
The breakdown of carbohydrates via digestion breaks ______ into monosaccharides
starch (Glc, galactose, and fructose)
61
chemical digestion in the oral cavity uses what enzyme
salivary amylase
62
chemical digestion in the small intestine uses what enzyme
pancreatic amylase
63
chemical digestion in the large intestine uses what ezyme
disaccharidases
64
Proteins break down into
amino acids
65
Protein breakdown begins in the stomach breaking into what two things
pepsin and HCL
66
What are the 3 pancreatic proteases in the small intestine
trypsin chymotrypsin carboxypeptidase
67
What protein enzyme is found in the large intestines
peptidases
68
When lipids break down what two things is it
monoglycerides and 3 fatty acids
69
What emulsifies fats via bile salts and increased surface area
bile
70
Lipid breakdown happens in the small intestines via
pancreatic lipase

S/F II (33 decks)

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