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S/F II > Chapter 20 Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two circuits of heart circulation?

A

Pulmonary circuit
systemic circuit

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2
Q

What circuit receives O2 poor blood from body tissues, pumps blood to the lungs to pick up O2, and drops off CO2?

A

Pulmonary Circuit

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3
Q

What circuit receives blood from the right side of the heart?

A

pulmonary circuit

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4
Q

What circuit receives O2 rich blood from Lungs, pumps blood throughout the body to provide nutrients, and brings O2 poor blood back to the heart?

A

Systemic Circuit

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5
Q

Which circuit receives blood from the left side of the heart?

A

Systemic Circuit

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6
Q

What are the receiving chambers of the heart?

A

Atria

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7
Q

What heart chambers have pectinate muscles? (inner ridges, right wall)

A

Atria

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8
Q

What are flap like extensions of the atria?

A

Auricles

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9
Q

What are the pumping chambers of the heart?

A

Ventricles

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10
Q

What heart chambers have trabeculae carneae that help to forcefully eject blood (inferior walls)?

A

ventricles

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11
Q

What is the junction of the Atria and Ventricles in the coronary sulcus called?

A

Atrioventricular Groove

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12
Q

What separates the Left and right atria?

A

interatrial septum

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13
Q

What separates left and right ventricles?

A

Interventricular septum

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14
Q

The heart is the size of a ______ ____

A

Closed Fist

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15
Q

What is the medial cavity of the thorax, that includes vessels and ductwork?

A

Mediastinum

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16
Q

The heart is enclosed in the _____

A

Mediastinum

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17
Q

Heart positioning:
Above (rests on) _________
Anterior to _____
Posterior to ______
______ are lateral

A

diaphragm
vertebrae
sternum
lungs

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18
Q

The heart is _____ left of the midline

A

2/3rds

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19
Q

What is the blunt, rounded portion of the heart, at the left lower corner?

A

Apex

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20
Q

What is the super portion of the heart?

A

base

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21
Q

What are the three heart layers? (outer to inner)

A

Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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22
Q

What heart layer is a double layered, closed sac surrounding the heart?

A

Pericardium

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23
Q

What are the 2 pericardial layers? (Outer to inner)

A

Fibrous (out)
Serous (inner)

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24
Q

What pericardial layer is tough CT, prevents heart overdistention, and anchors in mediastinum?

A

Fibrous

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25
What pericardial layer consists of two layers of slippery serous membrane fold?
Serous
26
What are the two layers of the serous membrane (of the pericardium)?
Parietal Pericardium Visceral Pericardium
27
Which serous layer is the lining next to the fibrous pericardium?
Parietal Pericardium
28
Which serous layer is the lining that is consistent with the surface of the heart?
Visceral pericardium
29
What serous layer of the heart is known as the epicardium?
Visceral Pericardium
30
What space is filled with serous pericardial fluid to reduce friction that is between parietal and visceral pericardium?
Pericardial Cavity
31
What is the disease inflammation in the heart layers that is caused from painful rubbing?
Pericarditis
32
Causes of Pericarditis (4)
Viral infection chest trauma MI Cancer
33
What can pericarditis lead to if untreated where the heart is compressed?
Cardiac Tamponade
34
What is the treatment for pericarditis?
Pericardiocentesis (needle Drain)
35
What is the thick middle layer of the heart?
Myocardium
36
What tissue is the myocardium made of?
Cardiac Muscle
37
What is the inner layer of the heart?
Endocardium
38
What tissue is the inner layer of the heart made of?
Simple Squamous Epithelium
39
What is called to get blood supply to the myocardium (feed first)?
Coronary Circulation
40
What vessels branch right above the Ascending aorta, in the coronary sulcus?
Left and right coronary arteries
41
What are the 3 divisions of the left coronary artery?
Anterior interventricular artery (left anterior descending) Circumflex Left marginal
42
What part of the coronary artery bring blood to the interventricular septum and anterior ventricular walls?
Anterior interventricular artery / left anterior descending
43
what part of the left coronary artery brings blood to the posterior heart?
Circumflex
44
what part of the left coronary artery brings blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle?
Left Marginal
45
What are the two divisions of the right coronary artery?
Posterior interventricular artery Right marginal Artery
46
what part of the right coronary artery brings blood to the heart apex and posterior ventricular walls?
Posterior interventricular artery
47
what part of the right coronary artery brings blood to the lateral right ventricle?
Right Marginal Artery
48
What structure empties blood into the right atrium (on the posterior of heart)?
Coronary Sinus
49
What are the three tributaries to the Coronary Sinus?
Great Cardiac Vein Middle Cardiac Vein Small Cardiac Vein
50
What area of the coronary sinus is located in the anterior interventricular sulcus, and drains to the left side of the heart?
Great Cardiac Vein
51
What area of the coronary sinus is located in the posterior interventricular sulcus?
Middle Cardiac Vein
52
What area of the coronary sinus runs along the right inferior margin?
Small Cardiac Vein
53
What vein directly empties into the anterior right atrium?
Anterior Cardiac Vein
54
What condition occurs from blockage of coronary artery circulation and involves chest pain due to temporary deficiency of blood to myocardium?
Angina Pectoris
55
What causes angina pectoris? (2)
Coronary Artery Spasm Increased heart physical demands
56
In angina pectoris, myocardial cells become weak due to temporary lack of ____
O2
57
What are two ways to treat angina pectoris?
Rest Nitroglycerin (Dilates BV)
58
What structures ensure 1 way blood flow?
Heart valves
59
There are no valves at what two places?
Vena Cava Pulmonary Veins
60
There no valves at the vena cava and pulmonary veins due to ___________
atrial myocardial compression (muscle wall prevents backflow)
61
What are the two main types of heart valves?
Atrioventricular Semilunar
62
What heart valves have chordae tendineae that are attached to papillary muscles (for anchoring when closed) that prevent atrial backflow?
AV valves
63
What are the two AV valves?
Right AV/ Tricuspid Left AV/ Bicuspid/ Mitral
64
Tricuspid valve has ____
3 cusps
65
Mitral Valve has _____
2 cusps
66
What heart valves prevent ventricular backflow?
SL valves
67
What are the two SL valves?
Pulmonary SL valve Aortic SL valve
68
What SL valve empties blood into the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary arteries?
Pulmonary SL valve
69
What SL Valve empties blood into the Aorta?
Aortic SL valve
70
What are the 3 parts of the aorta?
Ascending, Arch, Descending
71
What sound is made from closing of valves?
heart sounds
72
Heart sounds: AV closes _____ SL closes _____
first (lub) second (dub)
73
What are abnormal sounds due to valve issues?
Murmurs
74
What murmur is from a repump of blood/ backflow?
Incompetant
75
What murmur is from narrow/stiff and weak vessels?
Stenotic
76
Which ventricle is thicker?
left
77
Blood flow circuits altogether - start at right atria (this is notes)
right atria tricuspid right ventricle Pulmon SL Pulmon trunk Pulmon arteries LUNGS pulmon veins Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle aortic SL Aorta SPLIT 1) body ---> Sup/inf vena cava 2) coronary arteries --> heart tissue --> coronary sinus/cardiac veins BACK TO RIGHT ATRIA

S/F II (33 decks)

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