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S/F II > Chapter 20 Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two circuits of heart circulation?

A

Pulmonary circuit
systemic circuit

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2
Q

What circuit receives O2 poor blood from body tissues, pumps blood to the lungs to pick up O2, and drops off CO2?

A

Pulmonary Circuit

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3
Q

What circuit receives blood from the right side of the heart?

A

pulmonary circuit

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4
Q

What circuit receives O2 rich blood from Lungs, pumps blood throughout the body to provide nutrients, and brings O2 poor blood back to the heart?

A

Systemic Circuit

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5
Q

Which circuit receives blood from the left side of the heart?

A

Systemic Circuit

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6
Q

What are the receiving chambers of the heart?

A

Atria

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7
Q

What heart chambers have pectinate muscles? (inner ridges, right wall)

A

Atria

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8
Q

What are flap like extensions of the atria?

A

Auricles

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9
Q

What are the pumping chambers of the heart?

A

Ventricles

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10
Q

What heart chambers have trabeculae carneae that help to forcefully eject blood (inferior walls)?

A

ventricles

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11
Q

What is the junction of the Atria and Ventricles in the coronary sulcus called?

A

Atrioventricular Groove

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12
Q

What separates the Left and right atria?

A

interatrial septum

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13
Q

What separates left and right ventricles?

A

Interventricular septum

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14
Q

The heart is the size of a ______ ____

A

Closed Fist

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15
Q

What is the medial cavity of the thorax, that includes vessels and ductwork?

A

Mediastinum

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16
Q

The heart is enclosed in the _____

A

Mediastinum

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17
Q

Heart positioning:
Above (rests on) _________
Anterior to _____
Posterior to ______
______ are lateral

A

diaphragm
vertebrae
sternum
lungs

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18
Q

The heart is _____ left of the midline

A

2/3rds

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19
Q

What is the blunt, rounded portion of the heart, at the left lower corner?

A

Apex

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20
Q

What is the super portion of the heart?

A

base

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21
Q

What are the three heart layers? (outer to inner)

A

Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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22
Q

What heart layer is a double layered, closed sac surrounding the heart?

A

Pericardium

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23
Q

What are the 2 pericardial layers? (Outer to inner)

A

Fibrous (out)
Serous (inner)

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24
Q

What pericardial layer is tough CT, prevents heart overdistention, and anchors in mediastinum?

A

Fibrous

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25
Q

What pericardial layer consists of two layers of slippery serous membrane fold?

A

Serous

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26
Q

What are the two layers of the serous membrane (of the pericardium)?

A

Parietal Pericardium
Visceral Pericardium

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27
Q

Which serous layer is the lining next to the fibrous pericardium?

A

Parietal Pericardium

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28
Q

Which serous layer is the lining that is consistent with the surface of the heart?

A

Visceral pericardium

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29
Q

What serous layer of the heart is known as the epicardium?

A

Visceral Pericardium

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30
Q

What space is filled with serous pericardial fluid to reduce friction that is between parietal and visceral pericardium?

A

Pericardial Cavity

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31
Q

What is the disease inflammation in the heart layers that is caused from painful rubbing?

A

Pericarditis

32
Q

Causes of Pericarditis (4)

A

Viral infection
chest trauma
MI
Cancer

33
Q

What can pericarditis lead to if untreated where the heart is compressed?

A

Cardiac Tamponade

34
Q

What is the treatment for pericarditis?

A

Pericardiocentesis (needle Drain)

35
Q

What is the thick middle layer of the heart?

A

Myocardium

36
Q

What tissue is the myocardium made of?

A

Cardiac Muscle

37
Q

What is the inner layer of the heart?

A

Endocardium

38
Q

What tissue is the inner layer of the heart made of?

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

39
Q

What is called to get blood supply to the myocardium (feed first)?

A

Coronary Circulation

40
Q

What vessels branch right above the Ascending aorta, in the coronary sulcus?

A

Left and right coronary arteries

41
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the left coronary artery?

A

Anterior interventricular artery (left anterior descending)
Circumflex
Left marginal

42
Q

What part of the coronary artery bring blood to the interventricular septum and anterior ventricular walls?

A

Anterior interventricular artery / left anterior descending

43
Q

what part of the left coronary artery brings blood to the posterior heart?

A

Circumflex

44
Q

what part of the left coronary artery brings blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle?

A

Left Marginal

45
Q

What are the two divisions of the right coronary artery?

A

Posterior interventricular artery
Right marginal Artery

46
Q

what part of the right coronary artery brings blood to the heart apex and posterior ventricular walls?

A

Posterior interventricular artery

47
Q

what part of the right coronary artery brings blood to the lateral right ventricle?

A

Right Marginal Artery

48
Q

What structure empties blood into the right atrium (on the posterior of heart)?

A

Coronary Sinus

49
Q

What are the three tributaries to the Coronary Sinus?

A

Great Cardiac Vein
Middle Cardiac Vein
Small Cardiac Vein

50
Q

What area of the coronary sinus is located in the anterior interventricular sulcus, and drains to the left side of the heart?

A

Great Cardiac Vein

51
Q

What area of the coronary sinus is located in the posterior interventricular sulcus?

A

Middle Cardiac Vein

52
Q

What area of the coronary sinus runs along the right inferior margin?

A

Small Cardiac Vein

53
Q

What vein directly empties into the anterior right atrium?

A

Anterior Cardiac Vein

54
Q

What condition occurs from blockage of coronary artery circulation and involves chest pain due to temporary deficiency of blood to myocardium?

A

Angina Pectoris

55
Q

What causes angina pectoris? (2)

A

Coronary Artery Spasm
Increased heart physical demands

56
Q

In angina pectoris, myocardial cells become weak due to temporary lack of ____

57
Q

What are two ways to treat angina pectoris?

A

Rest
Nitroglycerin (Dilates BV)

58
Q

What structures ensure 1 way blood flow?

A

Heart valves

59
Q

There are no valves at what two places?

A

Vena Cava
Pulmonary Veins

60
Q

There no valves at the vena cava and pulmonary veins due to ___________

A

atrial myocardial compression
(muscle wall prevents backflow)

61
Q

What are the two main types of heart valves?

A

Atrioventricular
Semilunar

62
Q

What heart valves have chordae tendineae that are attached to papillary muscles (for anchoring when closed) that prevent atrial backflow?

63
Q

What are the two AV valves?

A

Right AV/ Tricuspid
Left AV/ Bicuspid/ Mitral

64
Q

Tricuspid valve has ____

65
Q

Mitral Valve has _____

66
Q

What heart valves prevent ventricular backflow?

67
Q

What are the two SL valves?

A

Pulmonary SL valve
Aortic SL valve

68
Q

What SL valve empties blood into the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary arteries?

A

Pulmonary SL valve

69
Q

What SL Valve empties blood into the Aorta?

A

Aortic SL valve

70
Q

What are the 3 parts of the aorta?

A

Ascending, Arch, Descending

71
Q

What sound is made from closing of valves?

A

heart sounds

72
Q

Heart sounds:
AV closes _____
SL closes _____

A

first (lub)
second (dub)

73
Q

What are abnormal sounds due to valve issues?

74
Q

What murmur is from a repump of blood/ backflow?

A

Incompetant

75
Q

What murmur is from narrow/stiff and weak vessels?

76
Q

Which ventricle is thicker?

77
Q

Blood flow circuits altogether

  • start at right atria
    (this is notes)
A

right atria
tricuspid
right ventricle
Pulmon SL
Pulmon trunk
Pulmon arteries
LUNGS
pulmon veins
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
aortic SL
Aorta
SPLIT
1) body —> Sup/inf vena cava
2) coronary arteries –> heart tissue –> coronary sinus/cardiac veins
BACK TO RIGHT ATRIA

S/F II (12 decks)

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