Chapter 18 part 2 Endocrine Glands

Question 1

what is the largest endocrine only gland?

Answer 1

Thyroid

Question 2

What are the 3 hormones produced by the thyroid

Answer 2

T3 (Triiodothyrinine)
T4 (thyroxine)
calcitonin

Question 3

What does the thyroid regulate?

Answer 3

metabolism, growth & differentiation, produces heat, affects all body tissues

Question 4

What is located in the anterior neck, inferior to larynx, with 2 lobes

Answer 4

thyroid gland

Question 5

The thyroid is very …

Answer 5

vascular

Question 6

What is circular and surrounded by simple cuboidal epithelium and filled with colloid protein)

Answer 6

thyroid follicles

Question 7

what cells made of simple cuboidal epithelium surround the thyroid follicle

Answer 7

follicular cells

Question 8

The thyroid follicle is the storage site of what?

Answer 8

thyroid hormones

Question 9

What cells are located between thyroid follicles in clusters

Answer 9

parafollicular cells (c cells)

Question 10

What cells produce calcitonin

Answer 10

Parafollicular cells

Question 11

What is secreted in response to increased blood calcium levels

Answer 11

calcitonin

Question 12

What occurs with decreased blood calcium and phosphate levels

Answer 12

bone deposit

Question 13

TSH stimulates the uptake of what

Answer 13

iodine

Question 14

idodine is incorporated into what

Answer 14

thyroglobulin

Question 15

thyroglobulin is broken down into what two things

Answer 15

T3 and T4

Question 16

In the blood 75% of T3 and T4 is bound to

Answer 16

thyroxine binding globulin (TBG)

Question 17

Decreased ____ stimulate the hypothalamus to secrete more TRH

Answer 17

T3

Question 18

If TSH is high when actual thyroid hormones are low its…

Answer 18

hypothyroidism

Question 19

Is TSH is low when actual thyroid hormones are high its…

Answer 19

hyperthyroidism

Question 20

What disease is the autoimmune destruction of the thyroid follicular cells — mimics TSH so alot of TH is made

Answer 20

Graves disease (hyper)

Question 21

Excessive TH production means

___ TSH
___ T3 and T4

Answer 21

low
high

Question 22

What causes graves disease?

Answer 22

thyroid tumor or pituitary gland/hypothalamus origin

Question 23

What is the bulging of eyes called?

Answer 23

Exopthalmos

Question 24

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include..

Answer 24

increase metabolism
high body temp
weight loss, big appetite
irritability, restless
exopthalmos
hair hair
rapid BP/HR
Diarrhea
Goiter

Question 25

What are 4 treatments for hyperthyroidism

Answer 25

1 - beta blockers 2 - antithyroid meds (PTU) 3 - surgical removal 4 - radioactive iodine

Question 26

What is severe hypothyroidism called in adults?

Answer 26

myxedema

Question 27

What is severe hypotthyroidism called in kids

Answer 27

cretinism/congential

Question 28

What causes hypothyroidism?

Answer 28

diet chemicals hashimotos surgical removal

Question 29

What are symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 29

decrease BMR low body temperature dry skin, course hair, weight gain, small appetite constipation somnolence goiter weakness, apathy

Question 30

treatment for hypothyroidism

Answer 30

replace thyroid hormone levothyroxine

Question 31

What are the 4 glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland called?

Answer 31

parathyroid

Question 32

What regulates the production and release of PTH by the parathyroid gland?

Answer 32

Chief cells

Question 33

The parathyroid regulates the concentration of what in the blood?

Answer 33

calcium

Question 34

High serum calcium =

Answer 34

inhibit PTH

Question 35

Low serum calcium =

Answer 35

triggers PTH release

Question 36

Calcitonin and PTH work ______

Answer 36

antagonistically

Question 37

What is usually seen with high calcium and high phosphate

Answer 37

hypercalcemia

Question 38

Symptoms of hyperalcemia include

Answer 38

bone fractures, weak bones, renal stones, and heart/brain dysfunction

Question 39

Hypercalcemia can occur from overactive _____

Answer 39

parathyroid gland

Question 40

What results when too much calcium is lost in the urine or calcium is not moving from bones to bloodstream

Answer 40

hypocalcemia

Question 41

What is caused from low PTH levels

Answer 41

hypocalcemia

Question 42

Hypocalcemia symptoms

Answer 42

neuromuscluar excitability carpopedal spasm tetany Chvosteks sign trousseaus sign seizures, confusion Prolonged QT for EKG

Question 43

What is trousseaus

Answer 43

Inflate BP cuff for 3 minute to elicit spasm