Chapter 18 Part 3 Endocrine Glands Flashcards
What are also known as surparenal glands
adrenal glands
What are located superior to the kidney, in the retroperitoneal area, are surrounded by adipose tissue
adrenal glands
The adrenal glands are very _____ organs
vascular
There is a central vein in each adrenal glands
The right drains into ____
the left drains into ______
IVC
Left Renal vein
What are the 3 parts of the adrenal cortex?
zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis
what part of the adrenal cortex is small cell clusters
zona glomerulosa
Mineralcorticoids =
aldosterone
What part of the adrenal cortex is the thickest layer, with long columns
Zone fasciculata
glucocorticoids =
cortisol
What part of the adrenal cortex is thin, irregular cords and cells
zone reticularis
gonadocorticoids
angrogens
What part of the adrenal gland is made of nervous tissue
adrenal medualla
The adrenal medulla produced catecholamines in what percentage
Epi - 80%
Norepi - 20%
The adrenal cortex secretes
Corticosteroids
What have a long hald life, lipid soluble, and are slow acting
corticosteroids
What have short half life and are fast acting with neural control
catecholamines
What is the primary mineralocorticoid and is regulated by renin-angiotensin
aldosterone
what is the target of aldosterone
kidney
(reabsorbs salt and H20)
What role of aldosterone is to …
regualte ion blance in the blood of Na and K
If there is excess aldosterone there is
low blood K+ and alkalosis
What is regulated by - feedback circadian ACTH release as a stress repsonse
cortisol
What is the role of cortisol?
decreases inflammatory and immune response
When does cortisol blood levels peak?
shortly before rise
When is cortisol the lowest?
evening
What are stressors that cause the release of cortisol
hemorrhage, infection, and trauma
What is the stress hormone
cortisol
If cortisol is elevated what in the body can be adversely affected?
metabolic
immune
connective tissue
bone
calcium
levels
cardiovascular
CNS
gastrointestinal
What are the most common adrenal sex hormones
weak androgens (DHEA
What is converted to more potent testosterone and estrogen in cells
adrenal sex hormones
What is the role of adrenal sex hormones
to develop secondary male sex characteristics
or stimulate female puberty and sex drive
What disorder involves hyposecretion of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
addisons disease
with adrenocorticoid deficiency you need to add
steroids
What is the cause addisons disease
autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex
ACTH levels are high in Addison’s disease due to
- feedback of low cortisol
symptoms of addisons
bronzing disease
lose weight
weakness
GI issues
Muscle cramping
dehydration
low BP
excess stress with addisons can cause
adrenal crisis
What is the treatment of addisons
steroid hormone replacement
hydrocortisone to mimic circadian cycle
what is the acute complication of adrenal insufficiency due to physiological stress or illness
adrenal crisis
How do you treat adrenal crisis
treat emergently with corticosteroid injections
Adrenal crisis Sx
joint pain
hypotension
hypoglycemia
vomiting
loss of consciousness
fever
fatigue
confused
back pain
hair loss
What disease is a hypersecretion of glucocorticoids
(too much cortisol)
cushings
what causes cushings
ACTH tumors
cortisol drugs
What are symptoms of cushings
cushingoid = moon face, buffalo hump, easy briuse, poor wound healing, elevated BS, muscle bone protein loss, water/salt retention, hypertension
edema
What is the treatment of cushings
remove tumor cause and stop meds
