Chapter 18 Part 3 Endocrine Glands

Question 1

What are also known as surparenal glands

Answer 1

adrenal glands

Question 2

What are located superior to the kidney, in the retroperitoneal area, are surrounded by adipose tissue

Answer 2

adrenal glands

Question 3

The adrenal glands are very _____ organs

Answer 3

vascular

Question 4

There is a central vein in each adrenal glands

The right drains into ____

the left drains into ______

Answer 4

IVC

Left Renal vein

Question 5

What are the 3 parts of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 5

zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis

Question 6

what part of the adrenal cortex is small cell clusters

Answer 6

zona glomerulosa

Question 7

Mineralcorticoids =

Answer 7

aldosterone

Question 8

What part of the adrenal cortex is the thickest layer, with long columns

Answer 8

Zone fasciculata

Question 9

glucocorticoids =

Answer 9

cortisol

Question 10

What part of the adrenal cortex is thin, irregular cords and cells

Answer 10

zone reticularis

Question 11

gonadocorticoids

Answer 11

angrogens

Question 12

What part of the adrenal gland is made of nervous tissue

Answer 12

adrenal medualla

Question 13

The adrenal medulla produced catecholamines in what percentage

Answer 13

Epi - 80%

Norepi - 20%

Question 14

The adrenal cortex secretes

Answer 14

Corticosteroids

Question 15

What have a long hald life, lipid soluble, and are slow acting

Answer 15

corticosteroids

Question 16

What have short half life and are fast acting with neural control

Answer 16

catecholamines

Question 17

What is the primary mineralocorticoid and is regulated by renin-angiotensin

Answer 17

aldosterone

Question 18

what is the target of aldosterone

Answer 18

kidney

(reabsorbs salt and H20)

Question 19

What role of aldosterone is to …

Answer 19

regualte ion blance in the blood of Na and K

Question 20

If there is excess aldosterone there is

Answer 20

low blood K+ and alkalosis

Question 21

What is regulated by - feedback circadian ACTH release as a stress repsonse

Answer 21

cortisol

Question 22

What is the role of cortisol?

Answer 22

decreases inflammatory and immune response

Question 23

When does cortisol blood levels peak?

Answer 23

shortly before rise

Question 24

When is cortisol the lowest?

Answer 24

evening

Question 25

What are stressors that cause the release of cortisol

Answer 25

hemorrhage, infection, and trauma

Question 26

What is the stress hormone

Answer 26

cortisol

Question 27

If cortisol is elevated what in the body can be adversely affected?

Answer 27

metabolic immune connective tissue bone calcium levels cardiovascular CNS gastrointestinal

Question 28

What are the most common adrenal sex hormones

Answer 28

weak androgens (DHEA

Question 29

What is converted to more potent testosterone and estrogen in cells

Answer 29

adrenal sex hormones

Question 30

What is the role of adrenal sex hormones

Answer 30

to develop secondary male sex characteristics or stimulate female puberty and sex drive

Question 31

What disorder involves hyposecretion of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

Answer 31

addisons disease

Question 32

with adrenocorticoid deficiency you need to add

Answer 32

steroids

Question 33

What is the cause addisons disease

Answer 33

autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex

Question 34

ACTH levels are high in Addison's disease due to

Answer 34

- feedback of low cortisol

Question 35

symptoms of addisons

Answer 35

bronzing disease lose weight weakness GI issues Muscle cramping dehydration low BP

Question 36

excess stress with addisons can cause

Answer 36

adrenal crisis

Question 37

What is the treatment of addisons

Answer 37

steroid hormone replacement hydrocortisone to mimic circadian cycle

Question 38

what is the acute complication of adrenal insufficiency due to physiological stress or illness

Answer 38

adrenal crisis

Question 39

How do you treat adrenal crisis

Answer 39

treat emergently with corticosteroid injections

Question 40

Adrenal crisis Sx

Answer 40

joint pain hypotension hypoglycemia vomiting loss of consciousness fever fatigue confused back pain hair loss

Question 41

What disease is a hypersecretion of glucocorticoids (too much cortisol)

Answer 41

cushings

Question 42

what causes cushings

Answer 42

ACTH tumors cortisol drugs

Question 43

What are symptoms of cushings

Answer 43

cushingoid = moon face, buffalo hump, easy briuse, poor wound healing, elevated BS, muscle bone protein loss, water/salt retention, hypertension edema

Question 44

What is the treatment of cushings

Answer 44

remove tumor cause and stop meds