Chapter 18 Part 4 Endocrine Glands Flashcards
What organ has mixed exocrine and endocrine functions
pancreas
What is located inferior to the liver, head in midline, tail extends to LUQ, tail portion is retroperitoneum, and duodenum wraps aroundhead
pancreas
What pancreas cells are digestive
acinar cells
The acinar cells of the pancreas have enzymatic secretions into the intestine lumen via the _____
hepatopancreatic duct
The hepatopancreatic duct leads to the
duodenum
Exocrine parts of the pancread include secreting enzymes
protease
amylase
and lipase
Endocrine hormone secretion from the pancreas secrete
inulin
glucagon
somatostatin
what are small patches of tissue in the pancreas that contain A cells that secrete glucagon and beta cells that secrete insulin
islets and langerhan
What makes up 1-2% of pancreas
Islet of langerhan
alpha cells secrete
glucagon
glucagon does what to BS
increases
Beta cells secrete
insulin
Insulin does what to BS
decreases it
delta cells are somatostatins that
inhibits both insulin and glucagon
Inadequate lack of insulin production by pancreatic beta cells result in
Diabetes Mellitus -type 1
most cases of type -1 are a result of ____-
autoimmune destruction
Insulin dependent with
autoimmune link
What is insulin resistence
DM -type 2
Type 2 DM is a
receptor vs secretion problem
insulin receptors on target cells become —-
insulin resistant
Insulin receptors become incompetent at producing insulin in DM 2 ==
accumulation of glucose in blood
What can casue the development of TYPe 2 diabetes
obesity, low physical activity, diets high in carbs, alcohol, high stress life
What is the least known pineal gland
pineal gland
What gland hangs from roof 3rd ventricle in diencephalon
pineal
What acts on hypothalamus and gonads and inhibit reproductive hormone secretions
pinealocytes (secretory cells)
what are the two secretions from the pineal gland
melatonin, arginine vasotocin
What is invovled in the sleep wake cycle y increasing tendency to sleep
melatonin
What decreases GnRH secretion to inhibit reproduction
melatonin
Where are the reproductive hormones found
ovaries, testes, placenta, pituitary gland
What inhibits FSH secretion thereby estrogen production
inhibin
What increases flexibility of pubis symphysis and aids in cervix dilation
relaxin
Development and maturation of immune system for T lymphocyte development
thymus = thymosin
satiety signals in hypothalamus
adipose = leptin
stomach =
gastrin
Instestine =
secretin, CCK
Kidneys = erythropoeitin
make RBS
Renin
stimulates aldosterone to raise BP
Atrial Natriuretic Factor
decrease NA to lower BV and BP
Cholecalciferol
inactive from of Vita D3
