Ch 24 Digestive Part 4

Question 1

What is the largest internal organ of the body

Answer 1

liver

Question 2

What ligament is the liver attached to

Answer 2

coronary ligament

Question 3

Bare areas of the liver lack what

Answer 3

visceral peritoneum

Question 4

what the connective tissue that surrounds the liver called

Answer 4

capsule

Question 5

what are the 4 lobes of the liver

Answer 5

right
left
caudate
quadrate

Question 6

What separates the right and left lobe of the lung

Answer 6

CT

Question 7

What ligament anchors the liver to the anterior abdomen

Answer 7

falciform ligament

Question 8

What ligament extends off the inferior liver to the umbilicus

Answer 8

ligamentum teres

Question 9

Looking inferiorly at the liver, you can see the caudate and quadrate and what other thing

Answer 9

porta hepatis

Question 10

What stores and concentrates site for bile (green sac)

Answer 10

gallbladder

Question 11

What is the transverse fissure BVs and nerves enter and the bile/lymph ducts leave

Answer 11

porta hepatis

Question 12

What ducts take bile out of the liver from the right and left lobes

Answer 12

hepatic ducts

Question 13

What two structures handle blood in and out of the liver

Answer 13

porta hepatis

Question 14

the right and left hepatic ducts first unite to form a single _____________

Answer 14

common hepatic duct

Question 15

The _______ duct from the gallbladder joins the common hepatic duct to form the _________

Answer 15

cystic duct

common bile duct

Question 16

Bile flows through the cystic duct into the _______ or it flows back up to the gallbladder

Answer 16

common bile duct

Question 17

The common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct at the ______________ which is an enlargement where two ducts merge

Answer 17

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 18

the hepatopancreatic ampulla empties into the ________ and the major duodenal papilla

Answer 18

duodenum

Question 19

a ___________ surrounds the common bile duct where it enters the hepatopancreatic ampulla

Answer 19

smooth muscle sphincter

Question 20

The __________ empties pancreatic secretions in the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla

Answer 20

accessory pancreatic duct

Question 21

The liver is divided into __________ (hexagon) surrounded by a CT septa

Answer 21

hepatic lobules

Question 22

there is a _________ at each corner of the liver and a __________ in the center of each lobule

Answer 22

portal triad

central vein

Question 23

What two liquids in the liver travel opposite direction

Answer 23

blood and bile

Question 24

blood into the liver from the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein goes to the __________ and then finally the central vein

Answer 24

hepatic sinusoids

Question 25

What macrophage cells like the sinusoids and play a role in immunity

Answer 25

kupffer cells

Question 26

What cells make bile

Answer 26

hepatocytes (in hepatic cords)

Question 27

Bile secretes from the hepatocytes into the ________

Answer 27

bile canaliculi

Question 28

What does the bile canaliculi dump into before it reaches the common bile duct

Answer 28

hepatic duct

Question 29

What are the three vessels in the portal triad

Answer 29

hepatic portal vein hepatic artery hepatic duct

Question 30

What collects blood leaving the lobules

Answer 30

central vein

Question 31

The central veins unite to form the _________

Answer 31

hepatic veins

Question 32

how much bile is made a day

Answer 32

600-1000ml

Question 33

What 6 things compose bile

Answer 33

bile salts bile pigments cholesterol lipids lipid soluble hormones lecithin

Question 34

What emulsify lipids and neutralizes stomach acid (makes it alkaline)

Answer 34

bile salts

Question 35

What are excretory products that that add color to feces

Answer 35

bile pigments

Question 36

What occurs when hepatocytes remoce glucose from blood to store at glycogen -- also stores lipids, vitamins,Cu, and Fe to maintain BS levels

Answer 36

storage of nutrients

Question 37

What is the transformation of substances into more readily usable substances

Answer 37

processing of nutrients

Question 38

What process is making less toxic or enhancing the elimination of NH3 to urea with Kupffer cells

Answer 38

detoxification

Question 39

What process produces plasma proteins (like albumin, heparin, and clotting factors) with cholesterol synthesis for the plasma membrane and steroid hormones

Answer 39

synthesis of new molecules

Question 40

What is the sac used for bile concentration and storage

Answer 40

gallbladder

Question 41

bile salts and pigments are ________x more concentrated in the gallbladder than the liver

Answer 41

5-10x

Question 42

what are the three tunics of the gallbladder

Answer 42

inner mucosa (rugae for expansion) muscularis (SM for contraction) serosa

Question 43

what is released from the gallbladder by contractions stimulated by the CCK and Vagal stimulation

Answer 43

bile

Question 44

What are insoluble aggregates made in the GB that can cause a bile blockage when stuck in the cystic duct

Answer 44

biliary calculi (gallstones) (surgically remove)

Question 45

if gallstones stuck in the pancreatic duct it causes ______________

Answer 45

pancreatitis

Question 46

The pancreas has both ____ and _______ components

Answer 46

exocrine and endocrine

Question 47

What endocrine pancreas area component is used for blood sugar control with glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin

Answer 47

islets of langerhans (sorry ik that didnt make sense)

Question 48

What exocrine cells are used for digestive function by producing digestive enzymes

Answer 48

acinar cells

Question 49

The accessory pancreatic duct opens at the __________

Answer 49

minor duodenal papilla

Question 50

What liquid has aqueous and enzymatic components to duodenum

Answer 50

pancreatic juice

Question 51

What pancreatic juice component has bicarbonate ions (HCO3) to neutralize acidic chyme entering the small intestine

Answer 51

aqueous

Question 52

What pancreatic juice component has enzymes that digest trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase (protein), pancreatic amylase, and pancreatic lipase

Answer 52

enzymatic

Question 53

What is painful inflammation of pancreas, acute or chronic

Answer 53

pancreatitis

Question 54

What are 9 causes of pancreatitis

Answer 54

alcoholism meds biliary calculi duct blockage cystic fibrosis high triglyceride calcium levels viral infection pancreatic cancer

Question 55

Risk factors for pancreatitis include (5)

Answer 55

obesity, Etoh, smoking FH pancreatitis, DM

Question 56

symptoms of pancreatitis (9)

Answer 56

abdom pain LUQ worse pain after eat fever tachy vomiting If chronic: unintentional weight loss oily stinky stools systemic shock coma m

Question 57

Tx for pancreatitis (4)

Answer 57

IV fluids low fat diet/abstain food and drink pain meds cholecystectomy