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S/F II > Ch 24 Digestive Part 3 > Flashcards

Ch 24 Digestive Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs due to gastric juice (HCL and Pepsin) digesting the mucosal lining of the GI tract

A

peptic ulcer

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2
Q

peptic ulcers affect ____% in the US and >____% worldwide

A

10%, >50%

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3
Q

Where are peptic ulcers most common

A

80% in the duodenum

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4
Q

Peptic ulcers come from an infection of what acid resistant bacteria

A

helicobacter pylori

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5
Q

peptic ulcers are linked to what two other conditions

A

gastritis and gastric cancer

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6
Q

What are the contributing factors for peptic ulcers

A

stress
diet
aspirin
NSAIDs
spicy food
coffee
smoking/alc
– all cause excess stomach acid secretion

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7
Q

Who ate H. pylori and then won a nobel prize

A

dr barry marshall

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8
Q

What are symptoms of PUD

A

gnawing epigastric pain
loss of appetite
nausea
burping
weight loss

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9
Q

PUD can cause stomach wall perforation, which can lead to peritonitis, which can lead to ________

A

massive hemorrhage

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10
Q

Dx of PUD (4)

A

urea breath test
stool antigen
PCR test
upper endoscopy

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11
Q

Tx of PUD

A

2 week ABx course

if an active ulcer or long term NSAIDs:
H2 blockers
PPIs

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12
Q

What are 4 Abx good for PUD

A

clarithromycin
metronidazole
amoxicillin
tetracycline

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13
Q

How much gastric juice is produced each day (controlled by - feedback)

A

~2-3 L
(depends on what food you’re eating

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14
Q

What is effected by nervous mechanisms like reflexes in the medulla, local reflexes in the ENS, and higher brain centers or chemical messengers like hormones gastrin, secretin, and CCK

A

stomach secretion regulation

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15
Q

Stomach secretion is regulated in what 3 phases

A

cephalic
gastric
intestinal

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16
Q

What stomach secretion regulation phase involves an increase in stomach secretions in anticipation of incoming food (CNS)

A

cephalic

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17
Q

What stomach secretion regulation phase involves the distension of the stomach stimulating mechanoreceptors (where most stimulation occurs

A

gastric

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18
Q

What stomach secretion regulation phase involves stomach secretion decreases (secretin and CKK) due to chyme in the duodenum

A

intestinal

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19
Q

What occurs what food enters the stomach and rugae flatten increases the stomach volume with little increased pressure

A

stomach filling

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20
Q

stomach volume can increase up to _______ fold

A

20

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21
Q

What occurs when ingested food mixes with the stomach gland secretions forming chyme

A

mixing of stomach contents

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22
Q

What are contractions that occur and every 20 s from the stomach body to the pyloric sphincter

A

mixing waves

23
Q

What are the more powerful stomach contractions that occur less frequently but force chyme to near the stomach periphery to the pyloric sphincter

A

peristaltic waves

24
Q

What % are the stomach waves:

____% mixing
____% peristaltic

25
What is the amount of time food remains in the stomach depending on the food type and volume
stomach emptying
26
Peristaltic waves force a small amount of chyme through the pyloric opening into the duodenum called the
pyloric pump
27
Increase stomach motility = __________ stomach emptying
increased
28
What begins 12-24 hours after meal, where there's an uncomfortable sensation due to low blood sugar
hunger pangs
29
What occurs when acidic gastric contents empty into the duodenum and damage the lining
emptying to fast
30
What is when there is less absorption in the intestine and the stomach wall is damaged by acid
emptying too slow
31
What has the fastest food clearance time from the stomach in just 1 hour
carbohydrates
32
How long does it take lipids and proteins to empty from the stomach
up to 6 hrs
33
What is the protective mechanism against ingestion of toxic or harmful substances due to GI tract irritation
vomiting
34
APs travel through what 2 nerves to the vomiting center in the medulla
vagus and spinal visceral sensory nerves
35
what is the site of digestion and absorption of nutrients and water
36
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine
duodenum (longest) jejunum (shortest) ileum
37
What 3 accessory glands empty into the duodenum
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
38
What are the 3 structural modifications of the Small intestine that increases surface area up to 600 fold
circular fold villi microvilli
39
What small intestines structure produces mucous
goblet cells
40
What small intestines structure is mucosa and submucosa folds that run perpendicular to the long axis of the GI tract
circular folds
41
What are fingerlike projections of mucosa, covered by simple columnar epithelium, contains lacteal (lymphatic capillary)
villi
42
What are cytoplasmic extensions that increase surface area (brush border)
microvilli
43
What absorptive cells in the small intestine produce digestive enzymes and absorb digested food
microvilli
44
What cells protect the small intestine from bacteria
granular cells
45
What two hormones are produced by endocrine cells which stimulate hepatic and pancreatic
secretin and CCK
46
What is the shortest part of the small intestines that curves around the pancreatic head
duodenum
47
What are the mucous glands in the submucosa called
duodenal (brunners) glands
48
What part of the small intestine has decreased diameter, thickness of wall, circular folds, and villi that does the bulk of absorption
jejunum
49
What part of the small intestine contain peyers patches (lymph nodules), and ileocecal valve (1 way) ileum to cecum
ileum
50
What occurs mixing the contents of the small instestine
segmentation
51
What contractions propel intestinal contents in the GI tract
peristaltic
52
How long does it take to move chyme from the pylorus to the ileocecal junction
3-5 hrs
53
contractions in the small intestine move at a rate of
1 cm/min

S/F II (33 decks)

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